Which category classifies identified threats that do not have defenses in place and expose the application to exploits?
The category that classifies identified threats with no defenses in place, exposing the application to exploits, is Unmitigated Threats. This term refers to vulnerabilities for which no countermeasures or mitigations have been implemented. These threats are critical because they represent actual weaknesses that attackers can exploit. In the context of secure software design, it's essential to identify these threats early in the SDLC to ensure that appropriate security controls can be designed and implemented to protect against them.
Taxonomy of Cyber Threats to Application Security and Applicable Defenses1.
OWASP Foundation's Threat Modeling Process2.
Mitigating Persistent Application Security Threats3.
Which DREAD category is based on how easily a threat exploit can be found?
Which mitigation technique can be used to fight against a denial of service threat?
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Throttling is a common and effective mitigation technique against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. It limits the number of requests a user or IP can send over a certain time period, preventing resource exhaustion. This reduces the risk of overwhelming servers, which is the core issue in DoS attacks. Digital signatures (A) protect data integrity and authenticity, Protect secrets (B) secures confidential information, and Timestamps (C) help prevent replay attacks but are not direct defenses for DoS. According to NIST SP 800-61 Rev. 2 (Computer Security Incident Handling Guide) and OWASP DoS Prevention, throttling and rate limiting are standard controls to maintain availability under attack conditions.
NIST SP 800-61 Revision 2 -- Computer Security Incident Handling Guide
OWASP Denial of Service Prevention Cheat Sheet
Microsoft SDL -- Security Controls for Availability
A potential threat was discovered during vulnerability testing when an environment configuration file was found that contained the database username and password stored in plain text.
How should existing security controls be adjusted to prevent this in the future?
A potential threat was discovered during automated system testing when a PATCH request sent to the API caused an unhandled server exception. The API only supports GET. POST. PUT, and DELETE requests.
How should existing security controls be adjusted to prevent this in the future?
The issue described involves a PATCH request causing an unhandled server exception because the API does not support this method. The most direct and effective way to prevent such exceptions is to ensure that the API is configured to accept only the supported request methods: GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE. This can be achieved by implementing strict input validation to reject any requests that do not conform to the defined API specifications, including the request method. By doing so, any requests using unsupported methods like PATCH will be immediately rejected, thus preventing the server from reaching an exception state.
OWASP's guidance on error and exception handling emphasizes the importance of managing exceptions in a centralized manner and ensuring that all unexpected behavior is correctly handled within the application1.
Additional best practices for error handling in software development suggest the significance of input validation and the implementation of defensive programming techniques to prevent errors2.
The OWASP Foundation also highlights the principle that all security mechanisms should deny access until specifically granted, which supports the approach of configuring acceptable API requests3.
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