During an investigation into a bank robbery, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) wants to monitor the telephone calls of identified suspects in the case for a two-week period. Due to the short time frame of the investigation, the FBI does not have time to pursue judicial authorization and get a warrant for surveillance.
Which type of telephone calls is legal for the FBI to monitor under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FlSA). given the time frame of the investigation?
Under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), the FBI can monitor communications without a warrant if both parties are non-U.S. citizens and the surveillance is conducted for intelligence purposes.
However, if one or both parties are U.S. citizens, the FBI would typically require a warrant under FISA or a separate court authorization, even in a short-term investigation.
Relevant Ethical Reference in Technology:
FISA (1978) & Patriot Act (2001) -- Provide legal authority for surveillance but impose restrictions on monitoring U.S. citizens.
Fourth Amendment (Privacy Rights) -- Prevents warrantless wiretapping of U.S. citizens except in national security cases.
Snowden Leaks (2013) & Mass Surveillance Ethics -- Raised concerns over the overreach of intelligence agencies in digital surveillance.
Deontological Ethics (Right to Privacy vs. National Security) -- Governments must balance security concerns with individual privacy rights.
Thus, the correct answer is A. Calls between two non-U.S. citizens, as FISA allows warrantless surveillance in such cases.
Marla
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