The logical design phase in database development focuses on structuring data efficiently to eliminate redundancy and ensure integrity. The final step in logical design is to apply normalization (normal forms) to optimize the database schema.

Steps in Logical Database Design:

Discover entities Identify real-world objects (e.g., Customers, Orders).

Determine cardinality Define relationships between entities (one-to-one, one-to-many).

Analyze data requirements Determine the attributes each entity needs.

Apply normal forms Eliminate redundancy and improve data consistency.

Example Usage:

After identifying entities like Students and Courses, applying 3rd Normal Form (3NF) ensures that data is organized without redundancy.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A (Analyze data requirements) (Incorrect): Done earlier to define attributes.

Option C (Determine cardinality) (Incorrect): Done before normalization to establish relationships.

Option D (Discover entities) (Incorrect): Done at the beginning of database design.

Thus, the correct answer is Apply a normal form, as normalization is the last step in logical design.