The component of Anypoint Platform responsible for enforcing API policies is the API Gateway:

API Gateway:

The API Gateway is a runtime component that enforces policies applied to APIs. It acts as an intermediary that manages API traffic, security, and performance by applying the policies configured in API Manager.

Policies such as rate limiting, security, transformation, and monitoring are enforced at the API Gateway to ensure that APIs are accessed securely and efficiently.

Anypoint Platform API Gateway Documentation