In MAC address 00-20-60-CE-2B-28, which part is the Organisationally Unique Identifier (OUI)?
A MAC address (Media Access Control address) is a 48-bit identifier typically expressed in six groups of two hexadecimal digits (e.g., 00-20-60-CE-2B-28). It consists of two key parts:
OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) -- The first 24 bits (or first 3 octets, e.g., 00-20-60) are assigned by the IEEE to hardware manufacturers. This identifies the vendor or manufacturer.
Device Identifier (NIC Specific) -- The remaining 24 bits (e.g., CE-2B-28) are assigned uniquely by the vendor to each device/interface.
So in the address 00-20-60-CE-2B-28:
00-20-60 is the OUI
CE-2B-28 is the device-specific portion
Thus, the correct answer is D. 00-20-60.
IEEE MAC Address Standard (IEEE 802)
Nokia IP Networking Fundamentals Study Guide -- Chapter: 'Ethernet Addressing'
Which of the following statements best describes BGP route selection?
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) uses a multi-step decision process to select the best route among multiple paths. It does not use SPF or simple metrics like hop count.
Key BGP selection criteria include:
Local preference
AS path length
Origin type
MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator)
eBGP over iBGP
IGP metric to next hop
Option C is correct -- BGP evaluates multiple attributes for route selection.
Nokia IP Routing Fundamentals -- BGP Route Selection
RFC 4271 -- BGP Decision Process
In which of the following types of network would STP be used?
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used specifically in Ethernet Layer 2 networks to prevent loops caused by redundant paths.
STP detects loops and blocks one or more redundant paths to ensure there is a loop-free topology in a bridged network.
STP dynamically recalculates the topology if a link fails, reactivating previously blocked paths.
Explanation of other options:
A . MPLS with LSPs: MPLS uses its own mechanisms for path management, such as RSVP or Segment Routing. STP is not applicable here.
C . OSPF with ECMP (Equal-Cost Multi-Path): OSPF is a Layer 3 protocol that inherently supports multiple paths without loops; STP is not involved.
D . eBGP (Exterior Border Gateway Protocol): Operates at Layer 3 for inter-AS communication; STP is not used in BGP routing.
Therefore, Option B is correct, as STP is explicitly designed for Layer 2 Ethernet networks with redundant paths.
Nokia IP Networking Fundamentals Study Guide -- Chapter: 'Layer 2 Technologies'
IEEE 802.1D Standard -- Spanning Tree Protocol Overview
Which of the following types of information is used to calculate the Shortest Path Tree (SPT)?
The Shortest Path Tree (SPT) is calculated by Link-State routing protocols like OSPF and IS-IS using:
A complete map of the network topology.
Each router uses algorithms like Dijkstra's to compute the shortest paths to all destinations.
Option C is correct -- full network topology is used.
Option A refers to Distance Vector methods.
Option B and D are results of topology analysis but not the input used.
Nokia Routing Protocols Guide -- Section: ''SPT and Link-State Behavior''
RFC 2328 -- OSPF Specification
Which of the following statements about MD-CLI is FALSE?
A. It allows atomic transactions. B. Configuration changes are activated when the running configuration datastore is saved to a file. C. To achieve transactional configuration, it is necessary to have multiple configuration datastores. D. Multiple users may enter the global configuration mode concurrently.
The Model-Driven Command Line Interface (MD-CLI) in Nokia SR OS provides a structured and programmatic way to manage configurations. It is based on a transactional model, meaning changes are made in a candidate configuration before being committed to the running configuration.
Let's review each statement:
Nokia SR OS MD-CLI User Guide
Nokia SRA Study Guide -- Chapter: 'Model-Driven Configuration and Transactions'
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