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Which of the following is true regarding extent of absorption of drugs?
Suggested Answer: A
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The dihydropyridine drug -- nifedipine -- is the active ingredient found in the medicine Adalat. Nifedipine is used to treat angina, Reynaud's phenomenon and hypertension. It is also used as a tocolytic agent in premature labor.
34 comments · newest first
CE
Celia
10 months ago
B is misleading, lipophilic drugs can cross membranes, just slower.
BR
Brittni
11 months ago
Wait, grape juice affects drug absorption? That's surprising!
EL
Elbert
11 months ago
C makes sense, hydrophilic drugs struggle with that water layer.
PA
Paola
11 months ago
I disagree with D, P-glycoprotein actually reduces absorption.
TR
Tracey
11 months ago
A is definitely true, absorption can be incomplete.
KE
Kenneth
12 months ago
I vaguely remember something about P-glycoprotein, but I thought it was more about limiting absorption rather than enhancing it. So, I’m unsure about option D.
VE
Verdell
12 months ago
I practiced a question similar to this, and I recall that hydrophilic drugs struggle with crossing membranes due to their solubility issues. So, option C seems plausible.
AL
Alfred
12 months ago
I'm not entirely sure, but I think lipophilic drugs can actually cross cell membranes. Isn't that why they are often more bioavailable?
NA
Natalie
1 year ago
I remember that oral drug absorption can be incomplete, especially with certain formulations. So, I think option A might be true.
ST
Stephen
1 year ago
Alright, let me review what I know about lipophilicity, hydrophilicity, and transporters like P-glycoprotein. I think I can narrow this down.
TO
Tomoko
1 year ago
Okay, I know the basics of drug absorption, so I should be able to figure this out.
CA
Cassi
1 year ago
Hmm, I'm a bit unsure about the details of drug absorption. Let me think this through carefully.
SC
Scarlet
1 year ago
This question seems straightforward, I think I can handle it.
EM
Emily
1 year ago
Ugh, I'm not too confident in my pharmacology knowledge. This is going to be tricky.
DE
Denny
1 year ago
The Form-Based Composer seems like it could work, but I'm not confident that it would provide the level of control and customization needed for this type of test.
AL
Alesia
1 year ago
I think the answer is True, but I'm a bit uncertain. I'll make a note to research this topic more before the exam to solidify my understanding.
NA
Nan
1 year ago
Okay, let me think this through. The question is asking about the first program the Linux kernel starts at boot time using System V init. That means it's likely going to be one of the standard init-related paths, not something more obscure. I'm going to go with /sbin/init as my best guess.
AD
Adell
1 year ago
Option E is just plain funny. Grape juice as a drug absorption inhibitor? Maybe they should add wine as a choice too, for a more 'spirited' exam experience.
WH
Whitley
1 year ago
C) Drugs which are too hydrophilic are not soluble enough to cross the water layer adjacent to the cell
KE
Keneth
1 year ago
B) Drugs which are too lipophilic cannot cross the lipid cell membrane
BR
Brandon
1 year ago
A) After oral ingestion of drugs, the absorption of drug may be incomplete
HA
Haydee
1 year ago
D is incorrect. P-glycoprotein is an efflux transporter that actually reduces drug absorption, not enhances it. Grape juice inhibiting P-glycoprotein could potentially increase drug absorption, not decrease it.
WI
William
1 year ago
I'm not sure about B and C. Shouldn't the drug's physicochemical properties be balanced to achieve optimal absorption? Maybe I need to review my lipophilicity and hydrophilicity concepts.
WI
Willie
1 year ago
User 4: D) P-glycoprotein is an efflux transporter which is present in the enterocytes and it enhances the absorption of drug
CI
Ciara
1 year ago
User 3: I'm not sure about B and C. Shouldn't the drug's physicochemical properties be balanced to achieve optimal absorption? Maybe I need to review my lipophilicity and hydrophilicity concepts.
DO
Dortha
1 year ago
User 2: E) Grape juice activates P-glycoprotein leading to substantial inhibition of absorption of drugs
RO
Royce
1 year ago
User 1: A) After oral ingestion of drugs, the absorption of drug may be incomplete
LO
Lourdes
1 year ago
I agree with A. Incomplete absorption is a common phenomenon, and it's crucial to understand the factors affecting it, like you mentioned.
KE
Kent
1 year ago
User 2: Yeah, it's important to consider factors affecting absorption.
AS
Asuncion
1 year ago
User 1: I think A is true, incomplete absorption happens often.
ZO
Zoila
2 years ago
Option A is correct. Drug absorption can indeed be incomplete after oral administration due to various factors like first-pass metabolism, drug efflux transporters, and physicochemical properties of the drug.
MU
Murray
2 years ago
That's a good point, but I still think A is more likely based on what I've studied.
GA
Gail
2 years ago
I disagree, I believe B is true because lipophilic drugs have difficulty crossing cell membranes.
MU
Murray
2 years ago
I think A is true because some drugs are not fully absorbed after oral ingestion.