Select the class of Anti-diabetic medication that works in the specified organ to prevent hyperglycemi
a. Select all that applies. Liver (D)
DPP4 Inhibitors, (D)Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, (E)Thiazolidinediones (F)Biguanide Sulfonylureas work in beta cells in the pancreas that are still functioning to enhance insulin secretion. Alpha- Glucosidase Inhibitors stop -glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine and delay digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides which lowers the levels of glucose after meals. DPP4 blocks the degradation ofGLP-1, GIP, and a variety of other peptides, including brain natriuretic peptide. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists work in various organs of the body. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists enhance glucose homeostasis through: (i) stimulation of insulin secretion; (ii) inhibition of glucagon secretion; (iii) direct and indirect suppression of endogenous glucose production; (iv) suppression of appetite; (v) enhanced insulin sensitivity secondary to weight loss; (vi) delayed gastric emptying, resulting in decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia. Thiazolidinediones are the only true insulin-sensitising agents, exerting their effects in skeletal and cardiac muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. It ameliorates insulin resistance, decreases visceral fat.
Biguanides work in liver, muscle, adipose tissue via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduce hepatic glucose production. SGLT2 inhibitors work in the kidneys to inhibit sodium-glucose transport proteins to reabsorb glucose into the blood from muscle cells; overall this helps to improve insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.
https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv239
An order is received for 0.03 units /min of vasopressin for Sepsis to maintain MAP >65. The standard mixed in your hospital for vasopressin is 40 units in 100ml NS.
What is the rate in mLs/hr should the vasopressin be infused at?
Rate of infusion: 100mL/40U 0.03U/min 60min/1 hr = 4.5mL/hr
Which of the following is dichotomous variable?
Dichotomous data is considered categorical data that only has two categories, or two answer choices. All 3 answer choices have only 2 categories: sex has male or female, pain is yes or no, and alive or dead is only two options also.
http://www.bmj.com/about-bmj/resources-readers/publications/statistics-square-one
Mesna is typically administered alongside which of these chemotherapeutic agents?
Mesna is administered to patients taking either ifosfamide or cyclophoshamide to conjugate toxic acrolein and therefore prevent hemorrhagic cystitis (bladder bleeding).
What is the amount of potassium permanganate in 300mL of a 1 in 25 solution?
We have 1g of potassium permanganate in 25mL We have 300mL of solution
For every 25mL of that 300mL, we have 1g of KmnO4
300mL must have 12g of potassium permanganate (300ml/25mL)
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