During the development of semi-autonomous vehicles, various failures occurred as a result of the sensors misinterpreting environmental surroundings, such as sunlight.
These failures are an example of?
The failures in semi-autonomous vehicles due to sensors misinterpreting environmental surroundings, such as sunlight, are examples of brittleness. Brittleness in AI systems refers to their inability to handle variations in input data or unexpected conditions, leading to failures when the system encounters situations that were not adequately covered during training. These systems perform well under specific conditions but fail when those conditions change. Reference: AIGP Body of Knowledge on AI System Robustness and Failures.
A company is creating a mobile app to enable individuals to upload images and videos, and analyze this data using ML to provide lifestyle improvement recommendations. The signup form has the following data fields:
1.First name
2.Last name
3.Mobile number
4.Email ID
5.New password
6.Date of birth
7.Gender
In addition, the app obtains a device's IP address and location information while in use.
What GDPR privacy principles does this violate?
The GDPR privacy principles that this scenario violates are Purpose Limitation and Data Minimization. Purpose Limitation requires that personal data be collected for specified, explicit, and legitimate purposes and not further processed in a manner that is incompatible with those purposes. Data Minimization mandates that personal data collected should be adequate, relevant, and limited to what is necessary in relation to the purposes for which they are processed. In this case, collecting extensive personal information (e.g., IP address, location, gender) and potentially using it beyond the necessary scope for the app's functionality could violate these principles by collecting more data than needed and possibly using it for purposes not originally intended.
A US-based mortgage lender has purchased a chatbot. They plan to have the chatbot collect information from consumers who are interested in loans and offer the consumers 2-3 different options based on its current pricing and product offerings, which change frequently. This chatbot was initially developed and previously deployed by a Russian airline for booking flights.
The best option for the part of the process that generates the loan offers is?
Offeringloan products based on current offerings and rulesrequires a system that can followexplicit business logic, not generate open-ended content. Anexpert system, which is a rules-based AI that uses ''if-then'' logic, is ideal here.
From the AI governance context:
''Rule-based AI systems are often preferred when decisions must adhere to precise regulatory or financial criteria.'' (aligned with AI best practices in regulated sectors)
A . RAGis used to integrate external knowledge---not suitable for structured, rule-based logic.
B . Multimodal modelshandle varied input types---not needed here.
D . Quantum computingis not yet practical or relevant for this business use case.
CASE STUDY
A global marketing agency is adapting a large language model ("LLM") to generate content for an upcoming marketing campaign for a client's new product: a hard hat designed for construction workers of any gender to better protect them from head injuries.
The marketing agency is accessing the LLM through an application programming interface ("API") developed by a third-party technology company. They want to generate text to be used for targeted advertising communications that highlight the benefits of the hard hat to potential purchasers. Both the marketing agency and the technology company have taken reasonable steps to address Al governance.
The marketing company has:
* Entered into a contract with the technology company with suitable representations and warranties.
* Completed an impact assessment on the LLM for this intended use.
* Built technical guidance on how to measure and mitigate bias in the LLM.
* Enabled technical aspects of transparency, explainability, robustness and privacy.
* Followed applicable regulatory requirements.
* Created specific legal statements and disclosures regarding the use of the Al on its client's advertising.
The technology company has:
* Provided guidance and resources to developers to address environmental concerns.
* Build technical guidance on how to measure and mitigate bias in the LLM.
* Provided tools and resources to measure bias specific to the LLM.
* Enabled technical aspects of transparency, explainability, robustness and privacy.
* Mapped and mitigated potential societal harms and large-scale impacts.
* Followed applicable regulatory requirements and industry standards.
* Created specific legal statements and disclosures regarding the LLM. including with respect to IP and rights to data.
The marketing company and its tech provider have taken reasonable steps to govern the AI's use, including legal disclosures, impact assessments, and bias mitigation. However, the company wants to takeone more stepto improve governance and reduce risks related to ongoing oversight and accountability.
While the marketing agency took steps to mitigate its risks, the best additional step would be to:
The correct answer isD. Forming adedicated governance committeeensures continuous oversight, role clarity, and accountability throughout the AI lifecycle.
From the AIGP ILT Guide -- Governance Structures:
''Organizations using AI in high-impact scenarios should establish a governance body responsible for oversight of risk, compliance, and ethical alignment.''
Also reflected in AI Governance in Practice Report 2025:
''Committees support cross-functional decision-making, provide guidance for updates, and maintain accountability. This is especially critical for high-stakes applications like marketing to diverse audiences.''
Options A, B, and C are valid supplementary actions, butDoffers a long-term and systematic governance mechanism.
CASE STUDY
Please use the following to answer the next question:
You have recently assumed the role of AI Governance leader for a California-based medical technology company. The organization primarily serves hospitals and has recently expanded to include walk-in clinics located within local pharmacies.
The company's core business focuses on diagnostic assistance powered by a large language model LLM and back-office process optimization using Agentic AI, including chatbots, medical record request handling, scheduling and billing.
In preparation for its next round of funding, the board has asked you to prepare an AI Risk report to demonstrate to investors how the company is addressing AI-related risks. In preparing the report you learn that last year the company generated 30 million dollars in gross revenue across the US, EU, India, and South Korea and that vendors are engaged for various activities, including model testing and providing third-party AI solutions for chatbots.
Which of the following would provide you the best information addressing quality principles pertaining to the functioning of the AI agents and LLM?
The correct answer is D because it directly reflects core data and model quality principles such as accuracy, performance consistency, and real-world effectiveness across different user groups. AI governance frameworks emphasize that quality must be evaluated based on whether outputs are accurate, complete, and fit for purpose in real-world conditions. Measuring accuracy by user group also supports fairness and bias detection, which are essential components of trustworthy AI. Option D captures outcome-based performance and aligns with continuous monitoring expectations across the AI lifecycle. In contrast, options A and C focus more on operational or technical metrics, while B reflects user sentiment rather than objective quality. According to AI governance principles, high-quality AI systems require ongoing evaluation of outputs against real-world results to ensure reliability, validity, and safe deployment.
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