CFA Institute Sustainable-Investing Exam - Topic 3 Question 9 Discussion

Actual exam question for CFA Institute's Sustainable-Investing exam

Question #: 9
Topic #: 3

According to the Stockholm Resilience Centre, which of the following planetary boundaries have already been crossed as a result of human activity?

AClimate change only

BLoss of biosphere integrity only

CBoth climate change and loss of biosphere integrity

Show Suggested Answer

Suggested Answer: C

According to the Stockholm Resilience Centre, both climate change and loss of biosphere integrity are planetary boundaries that have already been crossed as a result of human activity.

Planetary Boundaries Framework: The Stockholm Resilience Centre's planetary boundaries framework identifies critical thresholds in Earth system processes that should not be crossed to avoid catastrophic environmental changes.

Crossed Boundaries: Both climate change and loss of biosphere integrity (biodiversity loss) are identified as boundaries that have already been transgressed due to human activities, leading to significant environmental and ecological disruptions.

CFA ESG Investing Reference:

The CFA Institute's discussions on environmental risks highlight the importance of understanding planetary boundaries in assessing long-term sustainability risks and integrating these considerations into investment decisions.

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by Marylyn at Nov 21, 2025, 05:32 AM

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Hyman

4 hours ago

I think it's C. Both have been crossed.

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Iluminada

5 days ago

Just climate change has been crossed, right?

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Emile

10 days ago

Yeah, climate change is a big one, but biosphere loss too?

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Verona

29 days ago

Wait, are we sure about that? Sounds exaggerated.

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Rodolfo

1 month ago

Totally agree, it's alarming!

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Glenna

1 month ago

C, no doubt. But I'm more concerned about the "loss of sanity" boundary. That one's been crossed for a while now.

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Joseph

1 month ago

I'm going with C. Might as well throw in a few more boundaries while we're at it. How about "loss of trust in politicians" too?

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Christoper

2 months ago

Definitely C. Humans have really messed up the planet, haven't they? Time to start planting more trees!

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Justine

2 months ago

C) Both climate change and loss of biosphere integrity. The evidence is overwhelming.

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Ellsworth

2 months ago

I’m leaning towards option C because it seems like both issues are interconnected, but I wish I had reviewed this topic more thoroughly.

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Lawrence

2 months ago

I feel like I read somewhere that climate change is definitely crossed, but I can't recall if biosphere integrity is also included.

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Blair

2 months ago

I think we practiced a similar question, and I want to say that both boundaries are critical, but I’m uncertain if they’ve officially been crossed.

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Lamar

3 months ago

Ah, I think I've got this! The Stockholm Resilience Centre has been very clear that both climate change and the loss of biosphere integrity are two of the key planetary boundaries that have been exceeded due to human activity. I'm going to go with option C.

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Jesusa

3 months ago

Ugh, I'm really not sure about this one. I know the Stockholm Resilience Centre has done a lot of work on planetary boundaries, but I can't recall the details off the top of my head. I'll have to make an educated guess and hope for the best.

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Penney

3 months ago

Okay, let's see. I remember learning about the planetary boundaries in my environmental science class. I'm pretty confident that both climate change and loss of biosphere integrity have been identified as boundaries that have already been crossed. I'll go with option C.

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Luisa

3 months ago

I remember discussing planetary boundaries in class, but I’m not sure if both climate change and biosphere integrity have been crossed.

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Yolando

4 months ago

Both climate change and loss of biosphere integrity have been crossed.

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Cathrine

4 months ago

Hmm, this is a tricky one. I'm not entirely sure about the specifics of the Stockholm Resilience Centre's findings. I'll need to think this through carefully and consider the options before making a decision.

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Penney

4 months ago

I think I know the answer to this one. The Stockholm Resilience Centre has identified several planetary boundaries that have been crossed, and I believe climate change and loss of biosphere integrity are two of them.

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Sherell

3 months ago

I think it's C too. We need to act fast.

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Lovetta

3 months ago

Yes, definitely! It's alarming.

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Dierdre

4 months ago

I agree, both have been crossed.

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