The combination of Options C and D delivers comprehensive, real-time observability for Amazon Bedrock workloads with the least operational overhead by relying on native integrations and managed services.

Amazon Bedrock publishes built-in CloudWatch metrics for model invocations and token usage. Option C leverages these native metrics directly, allowing teams to build centralized CloudWatch dashboards without additional data pipelines or custom processing. CloudWatch alarms provide threshold-based alerting for token consumption, enabling proactive cost and usage control across all foundation models. This approach aligns with AWS guidance to use native service metrics whenever possible to reduce operational complexity.

Option D complements CloudWatch by enabling advanced, stakeholder-specific visualizations through Amazon Managed Grafana. The zero-ETL integration allows Bedrock and CloudWatch metrics to be visualized directly in Grafana without building ingestion pipelines or managing storage layers. Grafana dashboards are particularly well suited for serving different audiences, such as engineering, finance, and product teams, each with customized views of token usage and trends.

Option A introduces unnecessary complexity by adding a business intelligence layer that is better suited for historical analytics than real-time operational monitoring. Option B is useful for deep log analysis but requires query maintenance and does not provide efficient real-time dashboards at scale. Option E involves multiple services and custom data flows, significantly increasing operational overhead compared to native metric-based observability.

By combining CloudWatch dashboards and alarms with Managed Grafana's zero-ETL visualization capabilities, the company achieves real-time visibility, flexible dashboards, and automated alerting across all Amazon Bedrock foundation models with minimal operational effort.