A patient is prescribed Prilosec capsules for gastroesophageal reflux disease. If thepatient is unable to swallow capsules, they may:
Prilosec (Omeprazole) is a delayed-release proton pump inhibitor (PPI)used forGERD, ulcers, and acid reflux. It comes incapsulescontainingenteric-coated granules, designed to protect the medication from stomach acid and ensure proper absorption.
Prilosec capsules contain enteric-coated granulesthat are safe to sprinkle on soft foodswithout chewing.
Applesauce is an ideal optionbecause it doesnot interfere with drug absorption or stability.
B . Chew and swallow the capsules Incorrect
Chewing destroys the enteric coating, leading to premature drug release and degradation by stomach acid.
C . Compound the capsules into a topical preparation Incorrect
Prilosecis not formulated for topical use. The medication must reach the stomach intact for proper effect.
D . Allow the capsules to dissolve under the tongue Incorrect
Sublingual administration is ineffectivebecauseomeprazole is not absorbed through the mucous membranesand needs enteric protection.
FDA Omeprazole Medication Guide-- States that the contents can be sprinkled on applesauce.
ISMP Safe Medication Use Guidelines-- Emphasizes proper administration of delayed-release capsules.
PTCB PTCE Exam Content Outline-- Covers modified-release formulations and proper drug administration techniques.
Why Can the Capsules Be Opened?Why Not the Other Options?Key Reference:
Thegeneric namefor5-FUis:
5-FU (Fluorouracil) is a chemotherapy drugused forcolon, breast, and skin cancers.
It is apyrimidine analogthatprevents cancer cell DNA replication.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
A . Fluocinonide?Topical corticosteroid for skin conditions.
B . Fluoxetine (Prozac)?SSRI antidepressant.
C . Fluocinolone?Topical corticosteroid.
Reference:National Cancer Institute Chemotherapy Guide, PTCB Oncology Medications.
According to theDEA, medications in all fivecontrolled substance schedules:
Controlled substances (Schedules I--V) are classified by the DEA based on their potential for abuse, medical use, and dependence risk.
Schedule I (highest risk, no medical use):Heroin, LSD, Ecstasy.
Schedule II (high abuse potential, medical use):Oxycodone, Morphine, Fentanyl.
Schedule III (moderate abuse potential):Codeine combinations, Ketamine.
Schedule IV (low abuse potential):Alprazolam, Zolpidem.
Schedule V (lowest risk):Cough syrups with low doses of codeine.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
B . All contain hydrocodone?OnlySchedule II and IIImay contain hydrocodone.
C . FDA-approved indications?Schedule I drugs haveno FDA-approved medical use.
D . Insurance verification?Not all controlled drugs require insurance verification.
Reference:DEA Controlled Substance Act, PTCB Controlled Substances Guide.
Ahazardous drug spill kitfor pharmacy use should include:
Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:
Ahazardous drug spill kitisrequiredunderUSP <800>, which outlinessafe handling practices for hazardous drugs (HDs). The kit must contain:
Disposable scoop and scraper(to safely collect broken glass and contaminated material).
Absorbent pads or spill control pillows(for liquid spills).
Chemotherapy-rated gloves, gown, goggles, and mask(for protection).
A hazardous waste disposal bag(to properly dispose of contaminated materials).
Explanation of Answer Choices:D. A disposable scoop for glass fragmentsCorrect.Adisposable scoop is essentialto safely removehazardous drug spills containing broken glass.A. Permeable, disposable protective garments Incorrect. PPE for hazardous drug spills must beimpermeable(e.g., coated gowns).B. Sufficient supplies to absorb a spill of about 10,000 mL Incorrect.Most spill kits are designed for smaller spills (1000 mL), not massive industrial spills.C. Reusable absorbent sponges or toweling Incorrect.All absorbent materials must be disposable to prevent contamination.
Reference:
USP <800>: Handling Hazardous Drugs in Healthcare Settings
NIOSH List of Hazardous Drugs (2020 Update)
PTCB Exam: Medication Safety & Hazardous Drug Management
According tofederal law, a prescription for which of the following medicationsmay be transferredto another pharmacy to be refilled?
Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:
Underfederal law (21 CFR 1306.25),Schedule III-V controlled substances (e.g., Alprazolam)can be transferred ONCEfor refill purposes between licensed pharmacieswith a shared database.Schedule II drugs (e.g., Methylphenidate, Fentanyl, Hydromorphone) CANNOT be transferred.
Explanation of Answer Choices:A. Alprazolam (C-IV)Correct.Schedule III-V drugs can be transferred ONCEfor refill purposes.B. Methylphenidate (C-II) Incorrect.Schedule II drugs cannot be transferred.C. Fentanyl (C-II) Incorrect.C-II drugs are non-transferablebetween pharmacies.D. Hydromorphone (C-II) Incorrect.C-II drugs cannot be transferred.
Reference:
DEA Controlled Substance Act (CSA)
21 CFR 1306.25 -- Prescription Transfers
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