Free PECB ISO-45001-Lead-Auditor Exam Dumps May 2026

The PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) model is a continuous improvement framework used in ISO 45001 and other management systems.

Plan: Establish objectives and processes to deliver results in line with the OH&S policy.

Do: Implement the processes.

Check: Monitor and measure processes against the policy, objectives, and requirements.

Act: Take actions to continually improve the system's performance.

Analysis of Options:

A. Plan, Do, Check, Act: Correct. This is the standard PDCA cycle.

B. Plan, Do, Check, Ask: Incorrect. 'Ask' is not part of the cycle.

C. Plan, Deliver, Control, Achieve: Incorrect. This is not the PDCA cycle.

D. Prepare, Deliver, Control, Assess: Incorrect. This deviates from the PDCA framework.

ISO Reference:

Clause 0.3: PDCA model.

Comprehensive Detailed Explanation along with All ISO 45001 Audit Reference

Clause 10.2 of ISO 45001 pertains to Nonconformity and Corrective Action. Organizations are required to evaluate incidents, investigate their causes, and implement effective corrective actions to prevent recurrence.

Issue Identified: The incidents in the five old shops are related to VOC emissions from outdated equipment, leading to staff and customer health concerns. This indicates inadequate risk management and failure to act on known safety issues.

Analysis of Options:

A. Display an emergency phone number. This is a reactive approach and does not address the root cause of the issue, i.e., VOC emissions. It also does not align with ISO 45001's emphasis on preventive measures.

B. Evaluate and update the PPE requirements. While PPE is important, relying solely on PPE without addressing the root cause (emission of VOCs) is insufficient. PPE is considered the last line of defense under the hierarchy of controls.

C. Reassess the OH&S risks associated with the laundry process in the five old shops. This option aligns with ISO 45001, Clause 8.1.2, and Clause 10.2, as it emphasizes reassessing risks and taking steps to mitigate them. A thorough risk assessment could lead to interim measures such as process improvements or administrative controls until the equipment is replaced.

D. Review the current safety procedures. While reviewing safety procedures is useful, it does not address the specific nonconformity related to the equipment's inability to operate safely.

Best Action: Reassessing the risks in the five shops (Option C) ensures a comprehensive review of the hazards posed by outdated equipment, leading to appropriate preventive and corrective actions.

ISO Reference:

Clause 10.2: Requires identifying and addressing nonconformities to prevent recurrence.

Clause 8.1.2: Emphasizes the hierarchy of controls and risk assessment as a foundation for mitigating hazards.

The closing meeting of a second-party audit focuses on the findings, conformance to agreed requirements, and areas for improvement. ISO 19011:2018 provides guidance on closing meetings, stating that the results of the audit, including conformity with criteria, must be reviewed and agreed upon.

Analysis of Options:

A. The names and email addresses of attendees at the closing meeting: Irrelevant. Attendance details are not part of the audit discussion.

B. The extent of the auditee's documented information system: While relevant during the audit, it is not typically a focus in the closing meeting.

C. The extent to which the auditee is conforming to OH&S requirements in supply contracts: Correct. Second-party audits often assess compliance with contractual requirements.

D. The extent to which the auditee conforms to ISO 45001 requirements: Correct. The core purpose of the audit is to evaluate conformity to ISO 45001.

E. The nature of the trading relationship between the organizations: Correct. The trading relationship often shapes the scope and context of second-party audits.

F. Whether the audit has correctly performed in current contracts with other customers: Irrelevant. The focus is on the specific audit, not contracts with other customers.

G. Whether the work instructions for a specific OH&S process are focused on efficiency: Irrelevant. Efficiency is not the primary focus of an OH&S audit.

ISO Reference:

ISO 19011:2018, Clause 6.6.1: Conducting the closing meeting.

ISO 45001:2018, Clause 9.2: Internal audit requirements.