PECB ISO-IEC-27002-Foundation Exam Questions

Access control software that allows only authorized employees to access sensitive files is a preventive control. Its purpose is to stop unauthorized access before it occurs by enforcing approved access rules. In ISO/IEC 27002, access control is implemented through policies, identity management, authentication, authorization, access rights review, privileged access control, and restrictions on information access. This type of software can prevent unauthorized disclosure, unauthorized modification, misuse of sensitive data, and violation of privacy or contractual obligations. It is not primarily detective because it does not merely discover an event after it has happened. It is not corrective because it does not restore damaged information or reverse the impact of an incident. Its security value is in blocking access attempts that do not meet authorization criteria. The principle behind the control is least privilege: users should receive only the access necessary for their role and responsibilities. For sensitive files, this is especially important because confidentiality, integrity, and accountability depend on correct authorization. Reference/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Control 5.15 Access control; Control 5.16 Identity management; Control 5.18 Access rights; Control 8.3 Information access restriction.

The purpose of Control 8.20, Network security, is to protect information in networks and supporting information processing facilities from compromise through the network. This includes protecting data in transit, network devices, network services, communication paths, routing, management interfaces, and connected systems. Network compromise can lead to unauthorized access, interception, malware propagation, denial of service, lateral movement, data exfiltration, or manipulation of traffic. Option B relates more closely to Control 8.21, Security of network services, which addresses security mechanisms, service levels, and management requirements for network services. Option C relates to Control 8.22, Segregation of networks, which specifically concerns splitting networks into security boundaries or domains. Control 8.20 is broader: it establishes the general objective of securing networks against compromise. ISO/IEC 27002 expects organizations to manage and control networks according to risk, including architecture, monitoring, authentication, encryption where needed, device hardening, and protection of network management functions. The correct answer is therefore option A. Reference/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Control 8.20 Network security; Control 8.21 Security of network services; Control 8.22 Segregation of networks.

A digital customer identity is the best example of an organizational asset in cyberspace because it exists, functions, and is protected within digital systems, networks, applications, and online services. ISO/IEC 27002 treats identities, authentication information, access rights, and digital accounts as critical security subjects because compromise of identity can enable unauthorized access, fraud, impersonation, privacy breaches, and loss of accountability. A digital customer identity can include usernames, identifiers, credentials, account attributes, authentication factors, access permissions, profile data, and linked personal information. Medical data and intellectual property are also important information assets, but the phrase ''asset in cyberspace'' points most directly to a digitally represented identity used for electronic interaction. ISO/IEC 27002 contains several controls that protect this asset type, including identity management, authentication information, access rights, secure authentication, and access restriction. These controls ensure that identities are created, maintained, verified, modified, disabled, and removed in a controlled manner. The exam logic therefore favors option B because cyberspace emphasizes digital identity and online representation. Reference/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Control 5.16 Identity management; Control 5.17 Authentication information; Control 5.18 Access rights; Control 8.5 Secure authentication.

Control 5.37, Documented operating procedures, aims to ensure the correct and secure operation of information processing facilities. Operating procedures translate security and operational requirements into repeatable instructions for administrators, operators, support teams, and users. They can cover system startup and shutdown, backup, restoration, logging, error handling, media handling, job scheduling, maintenance, incident escalation, access administration, and secure processing steps. Without documented procedures, operations become inconsistent and dependent on individual memory or informal practice, increasing the likelihood of mistakes, outages, unauthorized changes, or insecure handling. Control 7.2, Physical entry, protects secure physical areas by controlling access to facilities, but it does not define operational procedures. Control 5.35, Independent review of information security, assesses whether the information security approach remains suitable, adequate, and effective, but it does not provide the day-to-day operating instructions. ISO/IEC 27002 places documented procedures in the organizational control group because reliable operation requires governance, clarity, and repeatability. Therefore, option B is the verified answer. Reference/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Control 5.37 Documented operating procedures; Control 7.2 Physical entry; Control 5.35 Independent review of information security.

ISO/IEC 27002:2022 provides guidance for selecting, implementing, and managing information security controls. It is not the certification requirements standard; that role belongs to ISO/IEC 27001. ISO/IEC 27002 supports organizations by explaining the purpose of each control, the implementation guidance, and other related information needed to apply controls appropriately. Its controls are grouped into organizational, people, physical, and technological themes. The standard is intended to be used as a reference when organizations design security measures based on their risks, business needs, legal obligations, contractual requirements, and information security objectives. Therefore, option A is correct because ''guidance'' is the core function of ISO/IEC 27002. Option B is incorrect because ISO/IEC 27002 does not set mandatory requirements for certification. Option C is related to risk management, but it is not the main purpose of ISO/IEC 27002; risk management guidance is more directly associated with ISO/IEC 27005. ISO/IEC 27002 guides control implementation after risk and control needs are determined. Reference/Chapters: ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Clause 1 Scope; Clause 4 Structure of the standard; Controls 5--8.