A nurse is providing education to a new parent about the psychosocial development of the newborn.
Applying Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse would BEST instruct the parents to:
Applying Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse should instruct the parents to observe and respond to the newborn's signals of needs. According to Erikson, the first stage of psychosocial development is 'Trust vs. Mistrust,' which occurs from birth to approximately 18 months.
Trust vs. Mistrust: In this stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers when their needs for food, comfort, and affection are consistently met. If caregivers are responsive to the infant's needs, the infant develops a sense of trust and security.
Ignoring and Distracting the Newborn: This approach may lead to feelings of mistrust as the infant's needs are not being adequately addressed.
Anticipating and Planning for the Newborn's Demands: While planning is important, it is more crucial to be responsive to the infant's immediate signals.
Providing a Comfortable Environment: This is beneficial but must be combined with responsive caregiving to establish trust.
Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and Society.
American Psychological Association (APA): Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
A nurse is planning to collect data regarding health status of a patient with anemia.
Which of the following questions would the nurse ask the patient related to the patient's health status?
Assessment of Anemia:
Anemia affects the body's ability to transport oxygen, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
Relevant Health Status Questions:
Exercise Frequency: Understanding the patient's exercise routine can help gauge the impact of anemia on their daily activities and overall health.
Sleep Duration: While important, it is less directly related to assessing anemia's impact.
Clinic Visits and Allergies: Important for comprehensive health but less relevant for directly assessing anemia symptoms.
World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on anemia
American Society of Hematology (ASH)
An infant with bladder exstrophy has undergone a successful surgical repair and is due for discharge. The nurse is providing the infant's parents with discharge education on the long-term effect of the condition on the infant's body.
Which of the following management aspects the nurse should emphasize?
Bladder Exstrophy and Surgical Repair:
Bladder exstrophy is a congenital condition where the bladder develops outside the body. Surgical repair is performed to place the bladder back inside the abdomen and reconstruct the pelvic area.
Long-term Management:
High-fiber diet and physical activities: While maintaining a healthy diet and physical activity is important, they are not the primary focus in this condition.
Tub baths: Discouraging tub baths post-surgery might be a temporary measure to prevent infection but not a long-term management focus.
Fertility Counseling: Bladder exstrophy can impact the reproductive system and future fertility. Providing counseling regarding fertility status is crucial for the parents to understand potential long-term effects and prepare for any necessary interventions or treatments in the future.
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
American Urological Association (AUA)
A client with schizophrenia is placed on chlorpromazine 50 mg PO bid, and Benztropine 2 mg PO bid PRN.
Which of the following nursing assessment findings would indicate a need to administer Benztropine?
Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic medication that can cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), such as muscle spasms and tremors. Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication often prescribed to manage these side effects.
If a client on chlorpromazine develops muscle spasms and tremors, it indicates EPS, and administering Benztropine would help alleviate these symptoms. The other options, such as severe agitation, sore throat, or suicidal thoughts, are not directly related to the need for Benztropine.
Stahl, S. M. (2013). Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications. Cambridge University Press.
The aim of outcome research in nursing is to:
Outcome research in nursing focuses on understanding the results of health care practices and interventions. It aims to evaluate how effective these practices are in improving patient outcomes. This type of research is crucial for ensuring that the care provided is evidence-based and leads to the best possible health results for patients.
For example, if a new wound care protocol is introduced, outcome research would measure whether patients heal faster or have fewer infections compared to the previous method. This helps in determining the effectiveness of the new protocol.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. Wolters Kluwer Health.
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