A client has a history of alcoholism. He is currently diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver. The nurse would expect him to be on which type of diet?
(A) A high-protein diet is contraindicated in hepatic disease. (B) High carbohydrates provide high-caloric content to prevent tissue catabolism. (C) A low-fat 2-g sodium diet is a cardiac diet; however, a low-fat diet would be beneficial. (D) A high-protein and high-fat diet is contraindicated in hepatic disease.
The nurse documents a client's surgical incision as having red granulated tissue. This indicates that the wound is:
(A) The wound is not infected. An infected wound would contain pus, debris, and exudate. (B) The wound is healing properly. (C) A necrotic wound would appear black or brown. (D) The wound is healing properly and is filled with red granulated tissue and fragile capillaries.
A pregnant client is having a nonstress test (NST). It is noted that the fetal heart beat rises 20 bpm, lasting 20 seconds, every time the fetus moves. The nurse explains that:
(A) The test results were normal, so there would be no need to repeat to determine results. (B) There are no data to indicate further tests are needed, because the result of the NST was normal. (C) An NST is reported as reactive if there are two to three increases in the fetal heart rate of 15 bpm, lasting at least 15 seconds during a 15-minute period. (D) The NST results were normal, so there was no fetal distress.
A laboring client presents with a prolapsed cord. The nurse should immediately place the client in what position?
(A) Reverse Trendelenburg position increases pressure on the perineum. This position will not relieve cord pressure. (B) Fowler's position increases perineal pressure. Cord pressure would not be relieved. (C) Trendelenburg position will decrease perineal pressure. Cord compression will be decreased and increase in fetal blood flow occurs. (D) Sims' position does not relieve pressure on cord or perineum.
A husband and wife and their two children, age 9 and age 5, are requesting family therapy. Which of the following strategies is most therapeutic for the nurse to use during the initial interaction with a family?
(A) One will always hear what the most vocal person has to say. It is best to start with the quietest family member to encourage that person to express emotions. (B) All family members are encouraged to speak for themselves. (C) In the initial family assessment, only data collection occurs; interpretations are made later. (D) Allowing family members to choose their own seats will assist the nurse in assessing the family system and in determining who feels closer to whom.
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