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MNO, Inc. is a manufacturing firm. MNO's end-of-year inventory is 54,000,000 and its cost of goods sold is $2,300,000. For the previous year, MNO's end-of-year inventory was $5,000,000 and the cost of goods sold was $3,000,000. What is this year's inventory turnover?
In the context of low-cost country sourcing and minimizing risk when importing goods, the selection of appropriate Incoterms 2020 rules is crucial.
DAP (Delivered at Place) is the most suitable Incoterm for a firm wanting to assume the least amount of risk. Under DAP, the seller is responsible for all costs and risks associated with delivering the goods to a specified destination, which includes transportation, export customs clearance, and any other logistical arrangements until the goods are made available for unloading at the buyer's location. This significantly reduces the buyer's risk as the seller handles most of the transportation and logistics.
Other Incoterms, such as:
CFR (Cost and Freight): The seller pays for the cost and freight to bring the goods to the port of destination. However, the risk is transferred to the buyer once the goods are loaded on the vessel.
CPT (Carriage Paid To): Similar to CFR, but can be used for any mode of transport. The seller covers transport costs to a specified destination, but the risk transfers to the buyer upon handing over the goods to the first carrier.
EXW (Ex Works): The buyer assumes all risks and costs from the seller's premises onward, making it the highest risk for the buyer.
Incoterms 2020 by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
'A Guide to Incoterms 2020' by the International Trade Centre (ITC)