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Which of the following laws is the first to implement penalties for the creator of viruses, worms, and other types of malicious code that causes harm to the computer systems?
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act as amended, provides civil penalties for the creator of viruses,
worms, and other types of malicious code
that causes harm to the computer systems.
The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is a law passed by the United States Congress in 1984 intended
to reduce cracking of computer systems
and to address federal computer-related offenses. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (codified as
18 U.S.C. 1030) governs cases with a
compelling federal interest, where computers of the federal government or certain financial
institutions are involved, where the crime itself is
interstate in nature, or computers used in interstate and foreign commerce. It was amended in
1986, 1994, 1996, in 2001 by the USA PATRIOT
Act, and in 2008 by the Identity Theft Enforcement and Restitution Act. Section (b) of the act
punishes anyone who not just commits or
attempts to commit an offense under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act but also those who
conspire to do so.
Answer option B is incorrect. The Computer Security Act was passed by the United States Congress.
It was passed to improve the security
and privacy of sensitive information in Federal computer systems and to establish a minimum
acceptable security practices for such systems. It
requires the creation of computer security plans, and the appropriate training of system users or
owners where the systems house sensitive
information.
Answer option C is incorrect. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) is also known as the Financial
Services Modernization Act of 1999. It is an act
of the 106th United States Congress (1999-2001) signed into law by President Bill Clinton which
repealed part of the Glass-Steagall Act of
1933, opening up the market among banking companies, securities companies and insurance
companies.
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act allowed commercial banks, investment banks, securities firms, and
insurance companies to consolidate. This law
also provides regulations regarding the way financial institutions handle private information
belongings to their clients.
Answer option D is incorrect. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a United States
copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of
the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It criminalizes production and dissemination of
technology, devices, or services intended
to circumvent measures (commonly known as digital rights management or DRM) that control
access to copyrighted works.
It also criminalizes the act of circumventing an access control, whether or not there is actual
infringement of copyright itself. In addition, the
DMCA heightens the penalties for copyright infringement on the Internet.