An organization's data destruction guidelines should require hard drives containing personal data to go through which of the following processes prior to being crushed?
Degaussing is a hard drive sanitation method that uses a powerful magnetic field to erase or destroy the data stored on a magnetic disk or tape. Degaussing should be used to sanitize hard drives containing personal data prior to being crushed, as it provides an additional layer of assurance that data has been permanently erased and cannot be recovered by any means. Degaussing also damages the drive itself, making it unusable for future storage. The other options are not effective or necessary hard drive sanitation methods prior to being crushed. Low-level formatting is a hard drive sanitation method that erases the data and the partition table on the drive, but it may leave some traces of data that can be recovered by forensic tools or software. Remote partitioning is a hard drive sanitation method that creates separate logical sections on the drive, but it does not erase or destroy the data on the drive.Hammer strike is a hard drive sanitation method that physically damages the drive by hitting it with a hammer, but it may not erase or destroy the data completely or prevent data recovery by advanced tools or techniques1, p.93-94Reference:1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
Which of the following technologies BEST facilitates protection of personal data?
Data loss prevention (DLP) tools are technologies that help to prevent unauthorized access, use, or transfer of personal dat
a. DLP tools can monitor, detect, and block data leakage or exfiltration from various sources, such as endpoints, networks, cloud services, or email. DLP tools can also enforce data protection policies and compliance requirements, such as encryption, masking, or deletion of sensitive data. DLP tools can help to protect personal data from both internal and external threats, such as malicious insiders, hackers, or accidental exposure.
Data protection solutions rely on technologies such as data loss prevention (DLP), storage with built-in data protection, firewalls, encryption, and endpoint protection, Cloudian
Top 10 Hot Data Security And Privacy Technologies, Forbes
Which of the following protocols BEST protects end-to-end communication of personal data?
Transport Layer Security Protocol (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that provides end-to-end communication security between two parties over a network, such as the internet. TLS protects the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of the data exchanged between the parties, such as personal data, by using encryption, hashing and digital signatures. TLS is the best protocol to protect end-to-end communication of personal data, as it prevents unauthorized access, modification or tampering of the data by third parties or intermediaries. The other options are not as effective as TLS in protecting end-to-end communication of personal data. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a network protocol that provides reliable and ordered delivery of data packets between two parties over a network, but it does not provide any security or encryption of the data. Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) is a network protocol that provides secure and encrypted file transfer between two parties over a network, but it does not provide end-to-end communication security for other types of data or messages.Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a network protocol that defines how data is formatted and transmitted over the web, but it does not provide any security or encryption of the data1, p.90-91Reference:1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
Which of the following is the BEST way to reduce the risk of compromise when transferring personal information using email?
Encryption is a security practice that transforms data into an unreadable format using a secret key or algorithm. Encryption protects the confidentiality and integrity of data, especially when they are transferred using email or other communication channels. Encryption ensures that only authorized parties can access and use the data, while unauthorized parties cannot decipher or modify the data without the key or algorithm. Encryption also helps to comply with data protection laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which require data controllers and processors to implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to safeguard personal data.
Centrally managed encryption is a type of encryption that is implemented and controlled by a central authority or system, such as an organization or a service provider. Centrally managed encryption has the following advantages over end user-managed encryption, private cloud storage space, or password-protected .zip files, for reducing the risk of compromise when transferring personal information using email:
It can enforce consistent and standardized encryption policies and procedures across the organization or the service, such as the encryption standards, algorithms, keys, modes, and formats.
It can automate the encryption and decryption processes for the users, without requiring them to perform any manual actions or install any software or plug-ins on their devices.
It can monitor and audit the encryption activities and incidents, and provide visibility and accountability for the data protection and compliance status.
It can reduce the human errors or negligence that may compromise the encryption security, such as losing or sharing the keys, forgetting or reusing the passwords, or sending the data to the wrong recipients.
Encryption in the Hands of End Users - ISACA, section 2: ''A key goal of encryption is to protect the file even when direct access is possible or the transfer is intercepted.''
The Complexity Conundrum: Simplifying Data Security - ISACA, section 3: ''Centrally managed encryption solutions can help enterprises overcome these challenges by providing a unified platform for encrypting data across different environments and applications.''
Email Encryption: What You Need to Know - Lifewire, section 1: ''Email encryption is a way of protecting your email messages from being read by anyone other than the intended recipients.''
Which of the following is MOST important to review before using an application programming interface (API) to help mitigate related privacy risk?
Data flows are the most important to review before using an application programming interface (API) to help mitigate related privacy risk. Data flows are the paths or routes that data take from their sources to their destinations through various processes, transformations, or exchanges. Data flows can help understand how data are collected, used, shared, stored, or deleted by an API and its related applications. Data flows can also help identify the potential privacy risks or impacts that may arise from data processing activities involving an API and its related applications. Data flows can be represented by diagrams, maps, models, or documents that show the sources, destinations, types, formats, volumes, frequencies, purposes, or legal bases of data.
Data taxonomy, data classification, and data collection are also important for privacy risk mitigation when using an API, but they are not the most important. Data taxonomy is a system of organizing and categorizing data into groups, classes, or hierarchies based on their characteristics, attributes, or relationships. Data taxonomy can help understand the structure, meaning, context, or value of dat
a. Data classification is a process of assigning labels or tags to data based on their sensitivity, confidentiality, criticality, or risk level. Data classification can help determine the appropriate level of protection or handling for data. Data collection is a process of gathering or obtaining data from various sources for a specific purpose or objective. Data collection can help obtain the necessary information or evidence for decision making or problem solving.
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