GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) is a fiber-based access technology that supports downstream bandwidth up to 2.5 Gbps and upstream up to 1.25 Gbps, far exceeding the bandwidth capabilities of DSL technologies. ADSL (up to 8 Mbps), ADSL2+ (up to 24 Mbps), and VDSL (up to 100 Mbps over short distances) are copper-based technologies with significantly lower maximum bandwidth compared to GPON.