Google Professional Cloud DevOps Engineer Exam

The correct answers are A and D)

Examine the wall-clock time and the CPU time of the application. If the difference is substantial, increase the CPU resource allocation. This is a good way to determine if the application is CPU-bound, meaning that it spends more time waiting for the CPU than performing actual computation. Increasing the CPU resource allocation can improve the performance of CPU-bound applications1.

Examine the latency time, the wall-clock time, and the CPU time of the application. If the latency time is slowly burning down the error budget, and the difference between wall-clock time and CPU time is minimal, mark the application for optimization. This is a good way to determine if the application is I/O-bound, meaning that it spends more time waiting for input/output operations than performing actual computation. Increasing the CPU resource allocation will not help I/O-bound applications, and they may need optimization to reduce the number or duration of I/O operations2.

Answer B is incorrect because increasing the memory resource allocation will not help if the application is CPU-bound or I/O-bound. Memory allocation affects how much data the application can store and access in memory, but it does not affect how fast the application can process that data.

Answer C is incorrect because increasing the local disk storage allocation will not help if the application is CPU-bound or I/O-bound. Disk storage affects how much data the application can store and access on disk, but it does not affect how fast the application can process that data.

Answer E is incorrect because examining the heap usage of the application will not help to determine if the application needs performance tuning. Heap usage affects how much memory the application allocates for dynamic objects, but it does not affect how fast the application can process those objects. Moreover, low heap usage does not necessarily mean that the application is inefficient or unoptimized.

The correct answer is B, Apply the constraints/iam.disableServiceAccountKeyCreation constraint to the organization.

According to the Google Cloud documentation, the constraints/iam.disableServiceAccountKeyCreation constraint is an organization policy constraint that prevents the creation of user-managed service account keys1. User-managed service account keys are long-lived credentials that can be downloaded as JSON or P12 files and used to authenticate as a service account2. These keys pose severe security risks if they are leaked, stolen, or misused by unauthorized entities34. By applying this constraint to the organization, you can completely eliminate the risks associated with the use of JSON service account keys and enforce a more secure alternative for authentication, such as Workload Identity or short-lived access tokens12. This also minimizes operational overhead by avoiding the need to manage, rotate, or revoke user-managed service account keys.

The other options are incorrect because they do not completely eliminate the risks associated with the use of JSON service account keys. Option A is incorrect because it only restricts the IAM permissions to create, list, get, delete, or sign service account keys, but it does not prevent existing keys from being used or leaked. Option C is incorrect because it only disables the upload of user-managed service account keys, but it does not prevent the creation or download of such keys. Option D is incorrect because it only limits the IAM role that can create and manage service account keys, but it does not prevent the keys from being distributed or exposed to unauthorized entities.

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