Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Questions

Understanding protocol states:

proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.

proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.

proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.

proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.

Explanation of correct answer:

proto_state=10 is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation

IKE_SA_INIT Exchange:

The IKE_SA_INIT exchange is the first step in the IKEv2 negotiation process. It is responsible for setting up the initial security association (SA) and performing Diffie-Hellman key exchange.

During this exchange, the responder may employ various measures to protect against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, such as rate limiting and the use of puzzles to increase the computational cost for an attacker.

DoS Protection Mechanisms:

One key method involves limiting the number of half-open SAs from any single IP address or subnet.

The IKE_SA_INIT exchange can also incorporate the use of stateless cookies, which help to verify the initiator's legitimacy without requiring extensive resource allocation by the responder until the initiator is verified.

RFC 5996: Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) (RFC Editor).

RFC 8019: Protecting Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Implementations from Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks (IETF Datatracker).

Capturing ESP Traffic:

ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) traffic is associated with IPsec and is identified by the protocol number 50. To capture ESP traffic, you need to filter packets based on this protocol.

In this specific case, you also need to filter for the host associated with the VPN tunnel, which is 10.200.3.2 as indicated in the exhibit.

Sniffer Command:

The correct command to capture ESP traffic for the VPN named DialUp_0 is:

diagnose sniffer packet any 'esp and host 10.200.3.2'

This command ensures that only ESP packets to and from the specified host are captured, providing a focused and relevant data set for troubleshooting.

Fortinet Documentation: Verifying IPsec VPN Tunnels (Fortinet Docs) (Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).

Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IPsec VPN Tunnels (Welcome to the Fortinet Community!) (Fortinet Docs).

SNI and Certificate Mismatch: When the Server Name Indication (SNI) does not match either the Common Name (CN) or any of the Subject Alternative Names (SAN) in the server certificate, FortiGate's default behavior is to consider this as an invalid SSL/TLS configuration.

Default Action: FortiGate, under default settings for SSL certificate inspection, will close the connection to prevent potential security risks associated with mismatched certificates.

Fortinet Community: SSL Certificate Inspection Configuration and Behavior (Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).

LDAP Authentication Process:

The regular bind type for LDAP authentication involves multiple steps to verify user credentials.

Step 1: The client sends a bind request with the username to the LDAP server.

Step 2: The LDAP server responds to the bind request.

Step 3: The client sends a bind request with the password.

Step 4: The LDAP server responds, confirming or denying the authentication.

Explanation of Answer:

The regular bind type follows these four steps to authenticate a user, making it a comprehensive method but not necessarily the easiest to configure.

The statement regarding sAMAccountName and super_admin account requirements are not accurate in the context of regular bind type LDAP authentication on FortiOS.

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

FortiOS LDAP Authentication Configuration Guides