Which of the following is required to determine the correct Security Association?
To determine the correct Security Association (SA) in the context of IPsec, several elements are required:
SPI (Security Parameter Index): Uniquely identifies the SA.
Partner IP address: The address of the endpoint with which the SA is established.
Protocol: Specifies the type of security protocol used (e.g., AH or ESP). All these components collectively define and identify a specific SA for secure communication between parties. Reference:
RFC 4301, 'Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol'.
What share does the WannaCry ransomware use to connect with the target?
The WannaCry ransomware utilizes the $IPC (Inter-Process Communication) share to connect with and infect target machines. This hidden network share supports the operation of named pipes, which facilitates the communication necessary for WannaCry to execute its payload across networks. Reference:
CISA Analysis Report, 'WannaCry Ransomware'.
WannaCry ransomware uses the SMB (Server Message Block) protocol to propagate through networks and connect to target systems. Specifically, it exploits a vulnerability in SMBv1, known as EternalBlue (MS17-010).
IPC Share: The $IPC (Inter-Process Communication) share is a hidden administrative share used for inter-process communication. WannaCry uses this share to gain access to other machines on the network.
SMB Exploitation: By exploiting the SMB vulnerability, WannaCry can establish a connection to the $IPC share, allowing it to execute the payload on the target machine.
Propagation: Once connected, it deploys the DoublePulsar backdoor and then spreads the ransomware payload.
Given these details, the correct answer is $IPC.
Reference
'WannaCry Ransomware Attack,' Wikipedia, WannaCry.
'MS17-010: Security Update for Windows SMB Server,' Microsoft, MS17-010.
How many main score areas are there in the CVSS?2
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is a framework for rating the severity of security vulnerabilities. CVSS provides three main score areas: Base, Temporal, and Environmental.
Base Score evaluates the intrinsic qualities of a vulnerability.
Temporal Score reflects the characteristics of a vulnerability that change over time.
Environmental Score considers the specific impact of the vulnerability on a particular organization, tailoring the Base and Temporal scores according to the importance of the affected IT asset. Reference:
FIRST, 'Common Vulnerability Scoring System v3.1: Specification Document'.
Which of the following ports are used for communications in Modbus TCP?
Modbus TCP is a variant of the Modbus family of simple, networked protocols aimed at industrial automation applications. Unlike the original Modbus protocol, which runs over serial links, Modbus TCP runs over TCP/IP networks.
Port 502 is the standard TCP port used for Modbus TCP communications. This port is designated for Modbus messages encapsulated in a TCP/IP wrapper, facilitating communication between Modbus devices and management systems over an IP network.
Knowing the correct port number is crucial for network configuration, security settings, and troubleshooting communications within a Modbus-enabled ICS/SCADA environment.
Reference
Modbus Organization, 'MODBUS Application Protocol Specification V1.1b3'.
'Modbus TCP/IP -- A Comprehensive Network protocol,' by Schneider Electric.
Which of the following are required functions of information management?
Information management within the context of network security involves several critical functions that ensure data is correctly handled for security operations. These functions include:
Normalization: This process standardizes data formats from various sources to a common format, making it easier to analyze systematically.
Correlation: This function identifies relationships between disparate pieces of data, helping to identify patterns or potential security incidents.
Data enrichment: Adds context to the collected data, enhancing the information with additional details, such as threat intelligence.
All these functions are essential to effective information management in security systems, allowing for more accurate monitoring and faster response to potential threats.
Reference
'Data Enrichment and Correlation in SIEM Systems,' Security Information Management Best Practices.
'Normalization Techniques for Security Data,' Journal of Network Security.
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