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Eccouncil ICS-SCADA Exam Questions
- Topic 1: Introduction to ICS/SCADA Network Defense: This topic covers IT security model, ICS/SCADA security model, security posture, risk management, risk assessment and security policy.
- Topic 2: TCP/IP 101: Its primary focus is on TCP/IP network. This topic covers ICS/SCADA protocols, TCP/IP layering, TCP/IP protocol architecture, RFCs and STDs.
- Topic 3: Introduction to Hacking: It discusses scanning, footprinting, intelligence gathering, hacking methodology, exploitation, covering tracks, and enumeration.
- Topic 4: Vulnerability Management: System vulnerabilities, desktop vulnerabilities, CVE, ICS/SCADA vulnerability sites, ICS/SCADA vulnerability uniqueness, and challenges of vulnerability management within ICS/SCADA are its sub-topics.
- Topic 5: Standards and Regulations for Cybersecurity: It discusses ISO 27001, ICS/SCADA, NERC CIP, CFATS, ISA99, and NIST SP 800-82.
- Topic 6: Securing the ICS Network: This topic delves into physical security, monitoring, legacy machines, ISO roadmap, and vulnerability assessment.
- Topic 7: Bridging the Air Gap: It covers guard, Data diode, and next-generation firewalls.
- Topic 8: Introduction to Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS): The topic covers network node, advantages of IDS, and limitations of IDS.
Free Eccouncil ICS-SCADA Exam Actual Questions
Note: Premium Questions for ICS-SCADA were last updated On Apr. 08, 2026 (see below)
Which mode within IPsec provides a secure connection tunnel between two endpoints AND protects the sender and the receiver?
IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) has two modes: Transport mode and Tunnel mode.
Tunnel mode is used to create a secure connection tunnel between two endpoints (e.g., two gateways, or a client and a gateway) and it encapsulates the entire IP packet.
This mode not only protects the payload but also the header information of the original IP packet, thereby providing a higher level of security compared to Transport mode, which only protects the payload.
Reference
Kent, S. and Seo, K., 'Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol,' RFC 4301, December 2005.
'IPsec Services,' Microsoft TechNet.
Which of the IPsec headers contains the Security Parameters Index (SPI)?
IPsec uses two main protocols to secure network communications: Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP).
Both AH and ESP use a Security Parameters Index (SPI), which is a critical component of their headers. The SPI is a unique identifier that enables the receiver to select the correct security association for processing incoming packets.
AH provides authentication and integrity, while ESP provides confidentiality, in addition to authentication and integrity. Both protocols use the SPI to manage these functions securely.
Reference
'IPsec Security Architecture,' RFC 4302 (AH) and RFC 4303 (ESP).
'IPsec Explained,' by Juniper Networks.
What type of communication protocol does Modbus RTU use?
Modbus RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) is a communication protocol based on a master-slave architecture that uses serial communication. It is one of the earliest communication protocols developed for devices connected over serial lines. Modbus RTU packets are transmitted in a binary format over serial lines such as RS-485 or RS-232. Reference:
Modbus Organization, 'MODBUS over Serial Line Specification and Implementation Guide V1.02'.
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) requires how many Security Associations?
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) typically requires two Security Associations (SAs) for a secure communication session. One SA is used for inbound traffic, and the other for outbound traffic.
In the context of IPsec, which is often used to secure VPN connections, these two SAs facilitate the bidirectional secure exchange of packets in a VPN tunnel.
Each SA uniquely defines how traffic should be securely processed, including the encryption and authentication mechanisms. This ensures that data sent in one direction is handled independently from data sent in the opposite direction, maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of both communication streams.
Reference
'Understanding IPSec VPNs,' by Cisco Systems.
'IPsec Security Associations,' RFC 4301, Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol.
Which of the following is required to determine the correct Security Association?
To determine the correct Security Association (SA) in the context of IPsec, several elements are required:
SPI (Security Parameter Index): Uniquely identifies the SA.
Partner IP address: The address of the endpoint with which the SA is established.
Protocol: Specifies the type of security protocol used (e.g., AH or ESP). All these components collectively define and identify a specific SA for secure communication between parties. Reference:
RFC 4301, 'Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol'.
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