The vulnerability that led to the WannaCry ransomware infections affected which protocol?
WannaCry is a ransomware attack that spread rapidly across multiple computer networks in May 2017.
The vulnerability exploited by the WannaCry ransomware was in the Microsoft Windows implementation of the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol.
Specifically, the exploit, known as EternalBlue, targeted a flaw in the SMBv1 protocol. This flaw allowed the ransomware to spread within corporate networks without any user interaction, making it one of the fastest-spreading and most harmful cyberattacks at the time.
Reference
National Vulnerability Database, CVE-2017-0144: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0144
What does the SPI within IPsec identify?
Within IPsec, the SPI (Security Parameter Index) is a critical component that uniquely identifies a Security Association (SA) for the IPsec session. The SPI is used in the IPsec headers to help the receiving party determine which SA has been agreed upon for processing the incoming packets. This identification is crucial for the proper operation and management of security policies applied to the encrypted data flows. Reference:
RFC 4301, 'Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol,' which discusses the structure and use of the SPI in IPsec communications.
What type of communication protocol does Modbus RTU use?
Modbus RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) is a communication protocol based on a master-slave architecture that uses serial communication. It is one of the earliest communication protocols developed for devices connected over serial lines. Modbus RTU packets are transmitted in a binary format over serial lines such as RS-485 or RS-232. Reference:
Modbus Organization, 'MODBUS over Serial Line Specification and Implementation Guide V1.02'.
Which of the following names represents inbound filtering?
Ingress filtering is a method used in network security to ensure that incoming packets are allowed or blocked based on a set of security rules.
This type of filtering is often implemented at the boundaries of networks to prevent unwanted or harmful traffic from entering a more secure internal network.
The term 'ingress' refers to traffic that is entering a network boundary, whereas 'egress' refers to traffic exiting a network.
Reference
Cisco Networking Academy Program: Network Security.
'Understanding Ingress and Egress Filtering,' Network Security Guidelines, TechNet.
Which of the IEC 62443 Security Levels is identified by a cybercrime/hacker target?
IEC 62443 is an international series of standards on Industrial communication networks and system security, specifically related to Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS). Within the IEC 62443 standards, Security Level 3 is defined as protection against deliberate or specialized intrusion. It is designed to safeguard against threats from skilled attackers (cybercriminals or hackers) targeting specific processes or operations within the industrial control system. Reference:
International Electrotechnical Commission, 'IEC 62443 Standards'.
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