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Eccouncil 312-50 Exam Questions
- Topic 1: Introduction to Ethical Hacking: This module covers ethical hacking fundamentals such as elements of information security, Chain Methodology, Hacker Classes, Risk Management, DSS, HIPPA, and SOX.
- Topic 2: Foot Printing and Reconnaissance: In this module, candidates are tested for performing footprinting on the target network, and performing website, email, whois, and DNS footprinting. Other topics include Advanced Google Hacking Techniques, Deep and Dark Web Footprinting, Website Mirroring, Traceout Analysis, and other tools.
- Topic 3: Scanning Networks: The topics covered in this module include network scanning, host discovery, port scanning, OS Discovery, and packet Fragmentation.
- Topic 4: Enumeration: The current domain covers NetBIOS Enumeration, SNMP, NFS, SMTP Enumeration and also covers DNS Cache Snooping and VoIP Enumeration.
- Topic 5: Vulnerability Analysis: It covers vulnerability research, assessment, management and lifecycle, classification, and assessment tools.
- Topic 6: System Hacking: This section covers password cracking, wire sniffing, buffer overflow, keylogger, spyware, anti-keyloggers, rootKits, post-exploitation, and covering tracks.
- Topic 7: Malware Threats: This section covers Malware components, APT, Trojan, Virus, Ransomware, Worms, Virus detection, and Anti-trojan software.
- Topic 8: Sniffing: This module covers sniffing, MAC flooding, MAC Spoofing, DNS Poisoning tools, and Sniffing tools.
- Topic 9: Social Engineering: This section of the exam covers social engineering types, Phishing, insider threats, and identity theft.
- Topic 10: Denial-of-Service: This section covers DoS Attacks, DDos Attacks, Botnets, DoS/DDoS Attack Tools, DoS Protection Tools.
- Topic 11: Session Hijacking: This section covers types of session hacking, Spoofing, client-side attacks, session replay attacks, CRIME attacks, and Hijacking tools.
- Topic 12: Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots: This section covers intrusion detection systems, firewall types, intrusion prevention, intrusion detection tools, Evading NAC Endpoint security, IDS/Firewall Evading Tools, and Honeypot detection tools.
- Topic 13: Hacking Web Servers: This section covers web server operations, web server attacks, DNS Server Hijacking, website defacement, Web Cache Positioning Attack, web server security tools, and patch management tools.
- Topic 14: Hacking Web Applications: This section covers web applications architecture, web application threats, application security risks, web shell, web API Hacking Methodology.
- Topic 15: SQL Injection: In this section, topics covered SQJ injection, SQJ Injection methodology, tools signature evasion, and injection detection tools.
- Topic 16: Hacking Wireless Networks: This section covers wireless terminology, wireless networks, encryption, wireless threats, Wi-Fi encryption cracking, Bluetooth hacking, Wi-Fi security auditing, and Bluetooth security tools.
- Topic 17: Hacking Mobile Platforms: This section covers Mobile Platform Attack Vectors, App sandboxing, SMS Phishing attacks, hacking Android devices, and mobile security tools.
- Topic 18: IoT and OT Hacking: In this section, topics covered IoT Architecture, IoT Communication, top ten IoT threats, ICS and SCADA, OT Vulnerabilities, and OT Security Tools.
- Topic 19: Cloud Computing: This section covers types of cloud computing, cloud deployment, Fog and Edge computing, cloud service providers, serverless computing, and cloud attacks.
- Topic 20: Cryptography: This section covers cryptography, Encryption Algorithms, Cryptography tools, disk encryption, and Key Stretching.
Free Eccouncil 312-50 Exam Actual Questions
Note: Premium Questions for 312-50 were last updated On Jul. 23, 2024 (see below)
An ethical hacker has been tasked with assessing the security of a major corporation's network. She suspects the network uses default SNMP community strings. To exploit this, she plans to extract valuable network information using SNMP enumeration. Which tool could best help her to get the information without directly modifying any parameters within the SNMP agent's management information base (MIB)?
snmp-check (snmp_enum Module) is the best tool to help the ethical hacker to get the information without directly modifying any parameters within the SNMP agent's MIB. snmp-check is a tool that allows the user to enumerate SNMP devices and extract information from them. It can gather a wide array of information about the target, such as system information, network interfaces, routing tables, ARP cache, installed software, running processes, TCP and UDP services, user accounts, and more. snmp-check can also perform brute force attacks to discover the SNMP community strings, which are the passwords used to access the SNMP agent. snmp-check is available as a standalone tool or as a module (snmp_enum) within the Metasploit framework.
The other options are not as effective or suitable as snmp-check for the ethical hacker's task. Nmap is a network scanning and enumeration tool that can perform various types of scans and probes on the target. It can also run scripts to perform specific tasks, such as retrieving SNMP information. However, Nmap may not be able to gather as much information as snmp-check, and it may also trigger alerts or blocks from firewalls or intrusion detection systems. Oputils is a network monitoring and management toolset that can perform various functions, such as device discovery, configuration backup, bandwidth monitoring, IP address management, and more. However, Oputils is mainly designed for device management and not SNMP enumeration, and it may not be able to extract valuable network information from the SNMP agent. SnmpWalk is a tool that allows the user to retrieve the entire MIB tree of an SNMP agent by using SNMP GETNEXT requests. However, SnmpWalk is not suitable for the ethical hacker's task, because it requires the user to change an OID (object identifier) to a different value, which may modify the parameters within the SNMP agent's MIB and affect its functionality or security.Reference:
snmp-check - The SNMP enumerator
SNMP Enumeration | Ethical Hacking - GreyCampus
SNMP Enumeration - GeeksforGeeks
Nmap - the Network Mapper - Free Security Scanner
OpUtils - Network Monitoring & Management Toolset
An IT company has just implemented new security controls to their network and system setup. As a Certified Ethical Hacker, your responsibility is to assess the possible vulnerabilities in the new setup. You are given the information that the network and system are adequately patched with the latest updates, and all employees have gone through recent cybersecurity awareness training. Considering the potential vulnerability sources,
what is the best initial approach to vulnerability assessment?
Considering the potential vulnerability sources, the best initial approach to vulnerability assessment is to check for hardware and software misconfigurations to identify any possible loopholes. Hardware and software misconfigurations are common sources of vulnerabilities that can expose the system to unauthorized access, data breaches, or service disruptions. Hardware and software misconfigurations can include:
Insecure default settings, such as weak passwords, open ports, unnecessary services, or verbose error messages.
Improper access control policies, such as granting excessive privileges, allowing anonymous access, or failing to revoke access for terminated users.
Lack of encryption or authentication mechanisms, such as using plain text protocols, storing sensitive data in clear text, or transmitting data without verifying the identity of the sender or receiver.
Outdated or incompatible software versions, such as using unsupported or deprecated software, failing to apply security patches, or having software conflicts or dependencies.
Checking for hardware and software misconfigurations can help identify any possible loopholes that could be exploited by attackers to compromise the system or the data. Checking for hardware and software misconfigurations can be done using various tools, such as:
Configuration management tools, such as Ansible, Puppet, or Chef, that can automate the deployment and maintenance of consistent and secure configurations across the system.
Configuration auditing tools, such as Nipper, Lynis, or OpenSCAP, that can scan the system for deviations from the desired or expected configurations and report any issues or vulnerabilities.
Configuration testing tools, such as Inspec, Serverspec, or Testinfra, that can verify the system's compliance with the specified configuration rules and standards.
Therefore, checking for hardware and software misconfigurations is the best initial approach to vulnerability assessment, as it can help identify and eliminate any possible loopholes that could pose a security risk to the system or the data.
Vulnerability Assessment Principles | Tenable
Configuration Management Tools: A Complete Guide - Guru99
Top 10 Configuration Auditing Tools - Infosec Resources
[Configuration Testing Tools: A Complete Guide - Guru99]
An ethical hacker has been tasked with assessing the security of a major corporation's network. She suspects the network uses default SNMP community strings. To exploit this, she plans to extract valuable network information using SNMP enumeration. Which tool could best help her to get the information without directly modifying any parameters within the SNMP agent's management information base (MIB)?
snmp-check (snmp_enum Module) is the best tool to help the ethical hacker to get the information without directly modifying any parameters within the SNMP agent's MIB. snmp-check is a tool that allows the user to enumerate SNMP devices and extract information from them. It can gather a wide array of information about the target, such as system information, network interfaces, routing tables, ARP cache, installed software, running processes, TCP and UDP services, user accounts, and more. snmp-check can also perform brute force attacks to discover the SNMP community strings, which are the passwords used to access the SNMP agent. snmp-check is available as a standalone tool or as a module (snmp_enum) within the Metasploit framework.
The other options are not as effective or suitable as snmp-check for the ethical hacker's task. Nmap is a network scanning and enumeration tool that can perform various types of scans and probes on the target. It can also run scripts to perform specific tasks, such as retrieving SNMP information. However, Nmap may not be able to gather as much information as snmp-check, and it may also trigger alerts or blocks from firewalls or intrusion detection systems. Oputils is a network monitoring and management toolset that can perform various functions, such as device discovery, configuration backup, bandwidth monitoring, IP address management, and more. However, Oputils is mainly designed for device management and not SNMP enumeration, and it may not be able to extract valuable network information from the SNMP agent. SnmpWalk is a tool that allows the user to retrieve the entire MIB tree of an SNMP agent by using SNMP GETNEXT requests. However, SnmpWalk is not suitable for the ethical hacker's task, because it requires the user to change an OID (object identifier) to a different value, which may modify the parameters within the SNMP agent's MIB and affect its functionality or security.Reference:
snmp-check - The SNMP enumerator
SNMP Enumeration | Ethical Hacking - GreyCampus
SNMP Enumeration - GeeksforGeeks
Nmap - the Network Mapper - Free Security Scanner
OpUtils - Network Monitoring & Management Toolset
A certified ethical hacker is conducting a Whois footprinting activity on a specific domain. The individual is leveraging various tools such as Batch IP Converter and Whols Analyzer Pro to retrieve vital details but is unable to gather complete Whois information from the registrar for a particular set of dat
a. As the hacker, what might be the probable data model being utilized by the domain's registrar for storing and looking up
Who is information?
As a hacker, if you are unable to gather complete Whois information from the registrar for a particular set of data, it might be because the domain's registrar is using a thin Whois model and the registry's Whois server is not responding or providing the information. This could be due to various reasons, such as network issues, server errors, rate limits, privacy policies, or legal restrictions. Therefore, the probable data model being utilized by the domain's registrar for storing and looking up Whois information is a thin Whois model working correctly.
Differences Between Thin WHOIS vs Thick WHOIS -- OpenSRS Help & Support
You are the lead cybersecurity analyst at a multinational corporation that uses a hybrid encryption system to secure inter-departmental communications. The system uses RSA encryption for key exchange and AES for data encryption, taking advantage of the strengths of both asymmetric and symmetric encryption. Each RSA
key pair has a size of 'n' bits, with larger keys providing more security at the cost of slower performance. The time complexity of generating an RSA key pair is O(n*2), and AES encryption has a time complexity of O(n). An attacker has developed a quantum algorithm with time complexity O((log n)*2) to crack RSA encryption. Given *n=4000' and variable 'AES key size', which scenario is likely to provide the best balance of security and
performance?
A hybrid encryption system is a system that combines the advantages of both asymmetric and symmetric encryption algorithms. Asymmetric encryption, such as RSA, uses a pair of keys: a public key and a private key, which are mathematically related but not identical. Asymmetric encryption can provide key exchange, authentication, and non-repudiation, but it is slower and less efficient than symmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption, such as AES, uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt data. Symmetric encryption is faster and more efficient than asymmetric encryption, but it requires a secure way to share the key.
In a hybrid encryption system, RSA encryption is used for key exchange, and AES encryption is used for data encryption. This way, the system can benefit from the security of RSA and the speed of AES. However, the system also depends on the key sizes of both algorithms, which affect the security and performance of the system.
The key size of RSA encryption determines the number of bits in the public and private keys. The larger the key size, the more secure the encryption, but also the slower the key generation and encryption/decryption processes. The time complexity of generating an RSA key pair is O(n*2), where n is the key size in bits. This means that the time required to generate an RSA key pair increases quadratically with the key size. For example, if it takes 1 second to generate a 1024-bit RSA key pair, it will take 4 seconds to generate a 2048-bit RSA key pair, and 16 seconds to generate a 4096-bit RSA key pair.
The key size of AES encryption determines the number of bits in the symmetric key. The larger the key size, the more secure the encryption, but also the more rounds of encryption/decryption are needed. The time complexity of AES encryption is O(n), where n is the key size in bits. This means that the time required to encrypt/decrypt data increases linearly with the key size. For example, if it takes 1 second to encrypt/decrypt data with a 128-bit AES key, it will take 2 seconds to encrypt/decrypt data with a 256-bit AES key, and 4 seconds to encrypt/decrypt data with a 512-bit AES key.
An attacker has developed a quantum algorithm with time complexity O((log n)*2) to crack RSA encryption. This means that the time required to break RSA encryption decreases exponentially with the key size. For example, if it takes 1 second to break a 1024-bit RSA encryption, it will take 0.25 seconds to break a 2048-bit RSA encryption, and 0.0625 seconds to break a 4096-bit RSA encryption. This makes RSA encryption vulnerable to quantum attacks, unless the key size is very large.
Given n=4000 and variable AES key size, the scenario that is likely to provide the best balance of security and performance is C. AES key size=192 bits. This configuration is a compromise between options A and B, providing moderate security and performance. Option A, AES key size=128 bits, provides less security than option C, but RSA key generation and AES encryption will be faster. Option B, AES key size=256 bits, provides more security than option C, but RSA key generation may be slow. Option D, AES key size=512 bits, provides the highest level of security, but at a significant performance cost due to the large AES key size.
Hybrid cryptosystem - Wikipedia
RSA (cryptosystem) - Wikipedia
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