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Eccouncil 212-81 Exam Questions
- Topic 1: Information Theory Cryptography Concepts/ Multi-Alphabet Substitution
- Topic 2: Introduction and History of Cryptography/ Breaking the Vigenère Cipher
- Topic 3: Symmetric Cryptography & Hashes/ Single Substitution Weaknesses
- Topic 4: Symmetric Block Cipher Algorithms/ Basic Facts of the Feistel Function
- Topic 5: International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA)/ History of Cryptography
- Topic 6: Number Theory and Asymmetric Cryptography/ Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
- Topic 7: Propagating Cipher-Block Chaining (PCBC)/ Naor-Reingold and Mersenne Twister Pseudorandom Function
- Topic 8: Server-based Certificate Validation Protocol/ Classification of Random Number Generator
- Topic 9: Shiva Password Authentication Protocol (S-PAP)/ Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)
- Topic 10: Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)/ National Security Agency and Cryptography
- Topic 11: Cracking Modern Cryptography: Ciphertext-only and Related-key Attack/ Cracking Modern Cryptography: Chosen Plaintext Attack
- Topic 12: Steganography Implementations/ Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: RC4
- Topic 13: Birthday Paradox: Probability/ Mono-Alphabet Substitution
- Topic 14: Cracking Modern Cryptography/ Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: PIKE
Free Eccouncil 212-81 Exam Actual Questions
Note: Premium Questions for 212-81 were last updated On Nov. 04, 2025 (see below)
A _____ is a function that takes a variable-size input m and returns a fixed-size string.
Hash
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function
A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values.
Part of understanding cryptography is understanding the cryptographic primitives that go into any crypto system. A(n) _______ is a fixed-size input to a cryptographic primitive that is random or pseudorandom.
Key
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_(cryptography)
In cryptography, a key is a piece of information (a parameter) that determines the functional output of a cryptographic algorithm. For encryption algorithms, a key specifies the transformation of plaintext into ciphertext, and vice versa for decryption algorithms. Keys also specify transformations in other cryptographic algorithms, such as digital signature schemes and message authentication codes.
Bruce Schneier is a well-known and highly respected cryptographer. He has developed several pseudo random number generators as well as worked on teams developing symmetric ciphers. Which one of the following is a symmetric block cipher designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier team that is unpatented?
Blowfish
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowfish_(cipher)
Blowfish is a symmetric-key block cipher, designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and included in many cipher suites and encryption products.
Which of the following uses an 80 bit key on 64 bit blocks?
Skipjack
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skipjack_(cipher)
Skipjack uses an 80-bit key to encrypt or decrypt 64-bit data blocks. It is an unbalanced Feistel network with 32 rounds.
Incorrect answers:
Twofish - is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes up to 256 bits. It was one of the five finalists of the Advanced Encryption Standard contest, but it was not selected for standardization. Twofish is related to the earlier block cipher Blowfish.
AES - For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits.
DES - Data Encryption Standard is a symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of digital data. Although its short key length of 56 bits makes it too insecure for applications, it has been highly influential in the advancement of cryptography.
John is responsible for VPNs at his company. He is using IPSec because it has two different modes. He can choose the mode appropriate for a given situation. What are the two modes of IPSec? (Choose two)
Correct answers: Transport mode and Tunnel mode
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPsec#Modes_of_operation
The IPsec protocols AH and ESP can be implemented in a host-to-host transport mode, as well as in a network tunneling mode.
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