In the NTFS file system, the Master File Table (MFT) is the core metadata structure that tracks every file and directory on the volume. NTFS implements this as a special system file named $MFT (shown here as $mft). Each file or folder on an NTFS partition is represented by at least one MFT record entry, which stores essential metadata such as file name(s), timestamps, security identifiers/ACL references, file size, attributes, and pointers to the file's data runs (or, for very small files, the content can be stored resident inside the record). Because it is the authoritative ''index'' of file objects, forensic examiners rely heavily on $MFT to reconstruct user activity and file history, including evidence of deleted files (when records are marked unused but remnants of attributes may remain) and timeline building from timestamp attributes.

The other options are different NTFS metadata files with narrower purposes: $LogFile records NTFS transaction logs to support recovery, $Volume stores volume-level information (like version/label), and $Quota manages disk quota tracking. None of these contain a record for every file on the system. Therefore, the NTFS system file that contains a record of every file present is $mft (B).