Managing master data elements can be performed at multiple levels within an organization. This includes third-party providers such as Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) which can supply enriched and standardized master data. At the enterprise level, organizations manage master data centrally to ensure consistency and quality across all systems and processes. Within application suites such as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems, master data management ensures that data is consistent and accurate within and across different applications. Therefore, master data elements can be managed at all these points.

DAMA-DMBOK2 Guide: Chapter 10 -- Master and Reference Data Management

'The Data Warehouse Toolkit: The Definitive Guide to Dimensional Modeling' by Ralph Kimball