Which of the following best explains why communication is a vital phase of a penetration test?
Communication is a vital phase of a penetration test to ensure all parties involved are aware of the test's progress, findings, and any potential impact on business operations. Discussing situational awareness involves sharing real-time insights about the security posture, any vulnerabilities found, and potential risks. This enables the organization to make informed decisions, mitigate risks promptly, and ensure the test aligns with business objectives and constraints.
Which of the following is the most common vulnerability associated with loT devices that are directly connected to the internet?
IoT devices are often shipped with default passwords, which are easily discoverable and widely known. Many users fail to change these default credentials, leaving the devices vulnerable to unauthorized access. This issue is one of the most common vulnerabilities associated with IoT devices connected directly to the internet. Attackers can exploit these default passwords to gain control over the devices, potentially leading to a range of malicious activities, including the recruitment of the devices into botnets for Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, data breaches, or other cybercriminal activities.
A penetration tester is enumerating shares and receives the following output:
Which of the following should the penetration tester enumerate next?
The output displayed is typical of what one might see when using a tool like smbclient or enum4linux to list shared directories on a system that uses the SMB (Server Message Block) protocol. Here's a brief overview of the shared resources that have been found:
1. print$ - This share is generally used for printer drivers.
2. home - Could be a user's home directory, usually requires authentication.
3. dev - Suggests a development environment, possibly containing code, scripts, or tools that could be useful for further penetration.
4. notes - This has read and write permissions and could contain information such as user notes or documentation.
While all these shares could potentially provide valuable information, the dev share stands out for several reasons:
* Development Environment: As it seems to be a development share, it may contain scripts, tools, or code repositories which could be less secure than production environments and possibly contain sensitive information such as hardcoded credentials, configuration files, or backup files.
* Standard Names: Shares like print$ and home are common and are likely to be properly secured or to contain less sensitive information.
* Writable Share: The notes share is also interesting because it has read and write permissions, which could be exploited to upload malicious files or modify existing ones. However, the potential for finding exploitable material or sensitive information might be higher with the dev share.
In penetration testing, the goal is to find the path of least resistance that provides the highest potential for deeper access or sensitive information discovery. The dev share represents a target that could yield such information or further avenues for exploitation, making it the next logical step for enumeration.
A penetration tester managed to exploit a vulnerability using the following payload:
IF (1=1) WAIT FOR DELAY '0:0:15'
Which of the following actions would best mitigate this type ol attack?
The payload used by the penetration tester is a type of blind SQL injection attack that delays the response of the database by 15 seconds if the condition is true. This can be used to extract information from the database by asking a series of true or false questions. To prevent this type of attack, the best practice is to use parameterized queries, which separate the user input from the SQL statement and prevent the injection of malicious code. Encrypting passwords, encoding output, and sanitizing HTML are also good security measures, but they do not directly address the SQL injection vulnerability.Reference:
Blind SQL Injection | OWASP Foundation, Description and Examples sections
Time-Based Blind SQL Injection Attacks, Introduction and Microsoft SQL Server sections
Penetration on an assessment for a client organization, a penetration tester notices numerous outdated software package versions were installed ...s-critical servers. Which of the following would best mitigate this issue?
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