CompTIA CAS-004 Exam Questions

Updating firewall rules to match new IP addresses in use will help to limit the attack surface in case of an incident by ensuring only legitimate traffic is allowed. It can also improve access control for external and internal network security by ensuring that only authorized entities can access certain resources, and may improve network performance by reducing unnecessary traffic (less congestion).

Certificate Authority Authorization (CAA) is not listed directly in the provided options, but it is a relevant mechanism in the context of managing certificates and preventing issues similar to the one described. However, based on the available choices, the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) comes closest to providing a viable solution. OCSP allows for real-time validation of a certificate's revocation status, which could mitigate the issue of users being locked out due to key pinning policies. It is a more modern and efficient alternative to Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs), offering faster and more reliable certificate status checks. By implementing OCSP, the technician could ensure that clients receive timely updates on the revocation status of certificates, potentially avoiding the downtime caused by the key-pinning policy awaiting expiration.

An API gateway is a management tool that sits between a client and a collection of backend services. It acts as a reverse proxy to accept all application programming interface (API) calls, aggregate the various services required to fulfill them, and return the appropriate result. API gateways can enforce policies such as rate limiting and authentication to prevent unauthorized access, making it an effective solution to prevent unauthorized API key sharing. By managing APIs at the gateway level, organizations can ensure that API keys are used as intended and are not shared or misused, addressing the need for secure management of API keys.

To securely operate the camera, the security analyst should recommend hardening the camera configuration. This involves several steps:

Changing Default Credentials: Default usernames and passwords are a common vulnerability. They should be replaced with strong, unique passwords.

Disabling Unnecessary Services and Ports: The numerous open ports and insecure protocols should be reviewed, and any unnecessary services should be disabled to reduce the attack surface.

Firmware Updates: Ensuring the camera's firmware is up to date will mitigate known vulnerabilities.

Enable Encryption: If possible, enable encryption for both data in transit and at rest to protect the video stream and other communications from interception.

This approach addresses the identified vulnerabilities directly and ensures that the device is more secure. Simply sending logs to the SIEM or isolating the camera might not fully mitigate the risks associated with default settings and open ports.

CompTIA CASP+ CAS-004 Exam Objectives: Section 2.4: Implement security activities across the technology life cycle.

CompTIA CASP+ Study Guide, Chapter 5: Implementing Host Security.

An inspection proxy, also known as an SSL/TLS inspection proxy, can decrypt HTTPS traffic, allowing the IDS to analyze the content for malicious activity. This method ensures that encrypted traffic can be inspected without compromising the security of the data in transit. The inspection proxy will re-encrypt the data before sending it on to its destination, maintaining the confidentiality of the communication while enabling security tools to perform their functions.

CompTIA CASP+ CAS-004 Exam Objectives: Section 3.3: Integrate network and security components and implement security controls.

CompTIA CASP+ Study Guide, Chapter 7: Analyzing Security Incidents.