A technician is troubleshooting a workstation that repeatedly shuts down within ten minutes of being turned on. The technician notices a loud clicking sound coming from inside the case. Which of the following components should the technician check first?
A failing CPU fan may make unusual noises (including clicking) and, if it is not cooling the CPU, the system will quickly overheat and shut down to prevent damage.
From CompTIA A+ 220-1101 Official Study Guide, Objective 4.1 -- Troubleshooting hardware problems:
''Overheating due to a failed or obstructed CPU fan can cause frequent shutdowns. Loud noises are a sign the fan should be checked first.''
Verified Source:
CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) Official Study Guide, Chapter 4: PC Hardware Troubleshooting
CompTIA Exam Objectives 220-1101, Domain 4.1
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Some users are unable to access their workstations. An administrator runs ipconfig on one of the workstations and sees the following:

The administrator runs the following command and receives this output:

Which of the following is the source of issue?
The workstation's IP configuration (192.168.1.27/24 with gateway 192.168.1.1) shows that it has a correct IP address, correct subnet mask, and expected default gateway for a typical small office network. Because the IP is in the correct private range and not an APIPA address (169.254.x.x), this also confirms that DHCP is functioning properly. Therefore, option D (DHCP) cannot be the cause.
The user then pings the default gateway at 192.168.1.1, which should be the router---the device providing routing between local devices and outside networks. The repeated 'Request timed out' responses indicate the workstation cannot reach the router at all. This type of failure points directly to a router outage, a powered-off router, a failed router interface, or a physical disconnection of the router from the switch.
If DNS (C) were the issue, the user would still be able to ping the IP address of the gateway because DNS is not required for IP-to-IP connectivity. A web server (A) has no relation to local gateway communication and does not affect workstation access.
Since the workstation has a valid IP but cannot reach its default gateway, the failure point is the router.
A technician needs to update a web server's IPv4 address in a DNS server. Which of the following records should the technician update?
An A record maps a domain name to an IPv4 address in a DNS server.
From CompTIA A+ 220-1101 Official Study Guide, Objective 2.6 -- DNS records:
''A records map hostnames to IPv4 addresses, while AAAA records map to IPv6 addresses.''
Verified Source:
CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) Official Study Guide, Chapter 2: DNS Records
CompTIA Exam Objectives 220-1101, Domain 2.6
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Which of the following is the most likely cause?
The key detail in the ipconfig output is that the system is receiving an IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DHCP server information via DHCP, but the DNS servers shown are 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4, which are Google's public DNS servers. In most corporate networks, DNS is provided internally by the DHCP server---usually the same device assigning the IP address. When DNS values are different from DHCP-provided defaults, it indicates manual DNS configuration.
CompTIA A+ emphasizes that mismatched DNS settings can cause browsing issues, name-resolution delays, or an inability to access internal resources. DNS is critical because it translates domain names into IP addresses; if manually configured, the device bypasses the organization's DNS server and may not resolve internal hostnames.
The subnet mask is correct for a Class B private network subdivided using /24 (255.255.255.0). NetBIOS being enabled is common and not a cause of connectivity issues here. DHCP being enabled is normal and functioning correctly, as shown by the proper IP lease obtained.
Thus, the anomalous and most likely problematic configuration is manually configured DNS, making Option D correct.
A technician is manually configuring network settings on a user's computer to route network traffic to a newly deployed firewall. Which of the following should the technician change?
The default gateway is the network device responsible for routing traffic from a local computer to destinations outside its subnet. When a new firewall is deployed and intended to manage outbound traffic, client devices must be configured to send packets to this firewall. CompTIA A+ identifies the gateway setting as the key parameter that determines where a workstation sends its external-bound traffic.
By updating the gateway address to point to the new firewall's internal interface, all internet-bound and off-subnet traffic will now pass through the firewall for filtering, inspection, and routing. This ensures correct traffic flow and enforces security policies.
Changing the VPN settings (A) does not affect local traffic routing unless a VPN tunnel is active. Subnet mask adjustments (C) determine the network size but do not control routing. VLAN settings (D) require switch configuration, not workstation changes, and do not dictate default routing behavior.
Thus, modifying the gateway is the correct and necessary step to route all traffic through the newly implemented firewall.
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