Which of the following are tactics of distributive bargaining?
Withholding information that may open up common ground
Coercing the other party to accept your position
Finding common ground between parties
Being open about all your common needs
Distributive bargainingfocuses onmaximizing one's own gainat the expense of the other party. Common tactics includewithholding informationandcoercion. It is typically used in zero-sum negotiations where parties compete over a fixed value.
''Tactics in distributive bargaining include withholding key information, making extreme opening offers, and using pressure to achieve concessions. These are aimed at maximizing individual outcomes.''
(L4M5 Commercial Negotiation, 2nd edition, Section 3.5 - Tactics of Distributive Bargaining)
Which best describes features of the recovery phase in a business cycle? Select TWO.
In the recovery phase, economies move out of recession: consumer spending rises, demand grows, and prices begin to stabilise or increase. Confidence improves, investment starts picking up, and spare capacity is gradually absorbed. Low confidence and falling investment are features of recession, while full capacity is linked to boom phases. For negotiators, recovery phases may mean suppliers regain confidence to raise prices, requiring careful market analysis.
During a negotiation, Jose Gomez, the salesperson for a strategic supplier, states that his sales director will not approve discounts against initial purchases. However, Jose offers a 5% discount on the aftercare package, which will provide the same monetary saving. Sally Pampas requires both the product and the aftercare package and has an objective to achieve a 5% discount off the purchase price. To achieve a win-win (integrative) negotiation, Sally should...
To achieve a win-win (integrative) negotiation, Sally should accept the 5% discount on the aftercare package (B), as it meets her objective for a total discount while respecting the supplier'slimitations. This approach demonstrates flexibility and is in line with CIPS principles on integrative negotiations, where both parties achieve value in different forms.
In a detailed cost breakdown, a company has a salary cost of 9%, raw materials cost 51% and overheads cost 24%. Which of the following represents the mark-up of that company?
Mark-up is the amount added to the cost of an item to get to its selling price and is expressed as a percentage.
Mark-up (%) = (Price - Cost) / Cost x 100
= (100 - 9 - 51 - 24) / (9 +51 +24) x 100 = 16 / 84 x 100 = 19.04%
LO 2, AC 2.1
A building firm has been awarded a contract to build a new office block, and the
building firm needs to separate its direct and indirect costs.
Which one of the following is a direct cost to the building of the new office block?
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