'The power of an individual to persuade others may come from perceived attractiveness and right to be given respect' Which of French and Raven's categorisations applies here?
The answer is 'referent power'.
An example might be a long-standing employee who 'knows the ropes' and helps others. Or it may be a famous person whose fame gives them power.
In some sources this may be known as 'charisma power'.
For me a great example of this form of power is Bill Clinton, who combined his allegedly substan-tial charisma, along with legitimate power and informational power. Presumably as US President, he also had access to coercive power as well as reward power. A powerful guy in a powerful position. People who have dealt with him long after he ceased to be the President say that his referent / cha-risma power lives on, hugely.
According to CIPS, which of the following are not included in the five 'rights' of procurement and supply?
All three of them.
CIPS appears to have excluded these three possible candidates for inclusion, concentrating instead on quantity, quality, price, place, time.
Or QQPPT.
Fear of the unknown, peer pressure, organisational politics are examples of reasons why people might:
The mood of the QUESTION NO : is that something is to be resisted rather than encouraged - the other three options - investment, procurement and promotion are often seen as positives, not negatives.
The answer is 'resist change' - many humans find change very challenging, especially as there seems to be so much of it around.
CIPS believes that it is good practice for different staff members to be responsible for three key ac-tivities in procurement (specifying / requisitioning; sourcing / contracting; authorising payment), in order to reduce the likelihood of malpractice, and to do what is in the best interests of the organisa-tion. Select two of the following terms which this principle is known by.
Segregation or separation of duties - making different people / line managers responsible for differ-ent stages of the process, making it less likely that fraud can occur.
Kotter and Schlesinger suggested six approaches to organisational change. One approach is based on the idea that people don't really understand, and by increasing their understanding, commitment could be won. This relatively soft approach to change is called:
It's unlikely to be coercion as the QUESTION NO : tells us it's a soft approach.
Facilitation suggests helping the employees along quite a bit to accept the change.
Participation suggests employees will have some say in decision-making.
And the QUESTION NO : speaks of 'increasing understanding' - it's 'Education'.
Kotter and Schlesinger's work here follows a relatively common approach to the thinking in man-agement literature about Change - a continuum from real soft gentle 'this is what we're thinking' through to 'do this or else' with a metaphorical baton in management's hand.
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