Which of the following statements is always true about an effective design review?
An effective design review ensures that the design meets certain established criteria and standards. This helps in objectively evaluating the design to find any discrepancies or improvements needed. The other options are not necessarily true for every effective design review:
A: Design reviews can occur at various stages, not just when the design is complete.
B: While brainstorming might be part of the process, an effective review should have structure and defined criteria.
D: The review can involve multiple stakeholders, not just the development team.
Which of the following tools can be used to determine the time needed to install a new computer system?
An Activity Network Diagram, also known as a project network diagram or a PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) chart, is a tool used in project management to schedule, organize, and coordinate tasks within a project. It helps in determining the time required to complete a project by identifying the sequence of activities, dependencies, and the critical path, which is essential for determining the total time needed for the installation of a new computer system.
'Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling' by Harold Kerzner.
PMI (Project Management Institute) PMBOK Guide (Project Management Body of Knowledge)
The following chart is being used to monitor a process. What do points X and Y. and region Z
represent on the chart?
The chart provided is a control chart used to monitor process variation over time.
Control charts have upper control limits (UCL) and lower control limits (LCL) that represent the threshold of acceptable variation.
Points X and Y, which lie outside the control limits, indicate special causes of variation. These are deviations caused by specific, identifiable factors rather than inherent process noise.
Region Z, where data points are consistently below the mean and approaching the LCL, suggests a trend indicating a shift due to special causes.
Reference: According to ISO 9001 and the ASQ, control charts are utilized to detect special causes of variation, which signal that a process is out of control and requires investigation.
The relationship between factors can be displayed using which of the following tools?
A Matrix Diagram is a tool used to display the relationship between different factors. It helps in identifying and analyzing the presence and strength of relationships among two or more sets of items. This tool is valuable in quality management as it can help identify the factors that are most influential in a process, thereby assisting in prioritizing areas for improvement. Reference:
ASQ Quality Press: The Quality Toolbox.
Total Quality Management by Dale H. Besterfield.
Short-run SPC should be used in which of the following situations?
Short-run Statistical Process Control (SPC) is particularly useful in situations where many different parts are made in small lots. This is because traditional SPC methods may not be effective when production runs are short and the volume of data for individual parts is limited. Short-run SPC techniques allow for effective monitoring and control of processes that produce a variety of parts in small quantities by standardizing and coding data to detect shifts and trends over multiple short runs. Reference:
Montgomery, D. C. (2009). Introduction to Statistical Quality Control.
ASQ Quality Press: The Certified Quality Engineer Handbook.
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