Which statement describes 'confirmation bias'?
Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias that causes people to pay more attention to facts that agree with their current opinions and ignore or discount facts that contradict them. Confirmation bias can affect how people perceive, interpret, and remember information, as well as how they make decisions and judgments. Confirmation bias can hinder learning and change, as people may resist or reject new information that challenges their existing beliefs or assumptions.
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/avoiding-psychological-bias.htm#confirmationbias
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/confirmation-bias
What is the First step of Kotter's eight-step model for planning and leading organizational change?
Kotter's model for planning and leading organizational change is an eight-step model that describes how to initiate and sustain a successful change. The eight steps are:
Establishing a sense of urgency
Creating the guiding coalition
Developing a vision and strategy
Communicating the change vision
Empowering employees for broad-based action
Generating short-term wins
Consolidating gains and producing more change
Anchoring new approaches in the culture
Therefore, the first step of Kotter's model is establishing a sense of urgency.
According to Morgan, what metaphor applies to an organization that has structured and tightly-controlled processes?
According to Morgan, machines is a metaphor that applies to an organization that has structured and tightly-controlled processes. This metaphor views organizations as rational, efficient, and predictable systems that operate according to predefined rules and procedures. This metaphor emphasizes order, stability, hierarchy, and control.
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_90.htm
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228163085_Images_of_Organization
What is the First step of Kotter's eight-step model for planning and leading organizational change?
Kotter's model for planning and leading organizational change is an eight-step model that describes how to initiate and sustain a successful change. The eight steps are:
Establishing a sense of urgency
Creating the guiding coalition
Developing a vision and strategy
Communicating the change vision
Empowering employees for broad-based action
Generating short-term wins
Consolidating gains and producing more change
Anchoring new approaches in the culture
Therefore, the first step of Kotter's model is establishing a sense of urgency.
According to the Bechard and Harris change formula' which response will increase an individual's dissatisfaction with the status quo?
The Beckhard and Harris change formula is a tool to assess the readiness and motivation for change in an organization. The formula states that change will happen when D x V x F > R, where D is dissatisfaction with the status quo, V is vision of the desired future state, F is first steps or action plan for the change, and R is resistance to change. To increase an individual's dissatisfaction with the status quo, one possible action is to communicate the danger of inaction, such as the risks, threats, or losses that may occur if no change is made. This can create a sense of urgency and need for change among the individual. The other options are not actions that will increase dissatisfaction with the status quo, but rather actions that will address other factors in the formula.
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